砂糖橘果实大小及产量规律的研究

根据砂糖橘果实生长发育、产量与品质形成规律,建立砂糖橘的养分综合管理体系,以四会优质砂糖橘试产树(4年生)和盛产树(8年生)为供试对象,研究了整个果实生长发育期果实大小(纵径、横径)变化、单果产量(质量)变化的规律。结果表明,在果实整个生长发育期,4年生树和8年生树单果纵径、横径、质量变化趋势一致,随着生长期的延长不断增大,并且横径逐渐大于纵径,成熟期时单果纵径为3.5～3.7 cm,横径为4.5～4.8 cm,单果质量为42～45 g。在果实生长发育的前2/3时期,果实的纵、横径已经达到收获期的85%、74%,而单果的质量仅为收获期的47%。而后1/3时期,果实要累积50%以上的质量。也就是说,果实生长发育的前2/3时期应通过肥水主要促进果实的膨大生长,而后1/3时期应通过肥水促进光合产物向果实的运输,促进果实累积干物质。

Study on pattern of fruit size and yield variation of Shatangju fruit tree

In order to establish nutrient comprehensive management system for Shatangju(Citrus.reticulate) fruit tree according to patterns of fruit development and yield(quantity of individual fruit) formation as well as quality formation,change of vertical and horizontal diameter and weight of individual fruit was investigated in the field for both 4 and 8 years old Shatangju fruit tree in Sihui,Guangdong province.The results showed that the vertical and horizontal diameters and quantity of a single fruit were increased with the extension of fruit growth period for four-years and eight-years old tree.At the harvest stage,the vertical and horizontal diameter was about 3.5~3.7 cm and 4.5~4.8 cm respectively.The average weight of a single fruit was around 42 to 45 g.During the two third period of fruit development,size of fruit being vertical and horizontal diameter of a fruit was about 85% and 74% of those at harvest in average respectively.However,the weight of a fruit was only 47% of that at harvest.During the later one third periods,weight of a fruit would be increased more than 100%.It could be concluded that measures of fertilization should promote increase size of Shatangju fruit by use of high N contained compound during the first two third periods.Nevertheless,measures of fertilization should promote increase dry mater accumulation in fruit by use of high K contained compound during the later one third periods.