球囊霉素及其在土壤生态系统中的作用

球囊霉素(Glomalin)是一种在土壤中大量存在的、由丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF)产生的具有良好热稳性的特殊糖蛋白。球囊霉素因其在促进土壤团聚体形成，保持团聚体稳定性，增加土壤有机碳库，提高植物抗逆能力以及降低重金属在土壤中的毒性等方面的作用备受人们关注。目前由于提取方法的原因，人们一般将球囊霉素的命名改为球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白(Glomalin related soil protein, GRSP)。随着研究的不断深入，人们对GRSP在生态系统中的作用展开了广泛的研究。GRSP对土壤颗粒有较强的胶结作用，其胶结能力为其他胶结物质的3～10倍；作为有机碳库的重要组成部分对土壤有机碳的贡献率为6.98%～31.3%,并且在土壤中周转时间较长为6～42年；GRSP还可以螯合不同的重金属，减少它们在土壤中的毒害作用以及降低潜在毒性。但想要更为深入的了解GRSP在生态系统中的作用需要对其结构进行进一步的了解、提取测定方法进行进一步的优化。本文重点总结了国内外研究中GRSP对土壤团聚体、土壤有机碳库的作用，GRSP研究中存在的主要问题以及未来...

Glomalin and its roles in soil ecosystem:a review

Glomalin,abundant in soil,is a special glycoprotein with good thermostability produced by Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.Glomalin has attracted more and more attention due to its roles in forming soil aggregates,improving the stability of the aggregates,enhancing the soil organic carbon,increasing the stress resilience of plant and reducing the toxicity of heavy metals in the soil.Currently,because of the limitation of glomalin extraction method,the name of Glomalin has been changed into the Glomalin related soil protein(GRSP).The roles of GRSP in the soil ecosystem have been extensively investigated with the research progress.GRSP has a strong cementing effect on soil particles and its cementing capacity is 3~10 times higher than other cementing substances;it contributes 6.98%~31.3%of soil organic carbon pool with a longer turnover time of 6~42 years in the soil;it can also sequester different heavy metals to reduce their toxic effects in the soil and reduce potential toxicity.However,a deeper understanding of the GRSP roles in the ecosystem further understanding of its structure and optimization of extraction and measurement methods is required.This paper summarized the roles of GRSP in soil aggregates and soil organic carbon pools in domestic and international research,and highlighted the main problems in GRSP research and their future research.