我国重点国有林区改革对职工家庭间收入不平等的影响

利用我国3个重点国有林区24个林业局1 454户职工家庭微观调查数据，通过极大似然估计法和最小二乘法估计国有林区各项改革对职工家庭间收入不平等的影响。研究发现，国有林区职工家庭间不平等程度不断加剧，而在国有林区推行的各项改革对不平等的加剧有显著影响。其中，市场化手段组织林业生产这项改革实施时间每增加1年，林业局职工家庭间收入差距就增加8元；参与森林资源承包管护改革户数的比例每增加1个百分点，林业局职工家庭间收入差距增加13元；加工企业转制比例每增加1个百分点，林业局职工家庭间收入差距增加2元；一次性安置富余职工也显著提高了林业局职工家庭间收入差距，但养老负担显著降低了职工家庭间收入差距。因此，在推行以改进效率为目标取向的市场化改革过程中，政府需要出台相应的配套政策，尤其是要扶持和帮助林区贫困弱势群体，以避免不平等程度加剧。

Effects of Key State-owned Forestry Reforms on the Inequality of Household Incomes

Based on the survey on 1 454 households in 24 forestry bureaus in 3 provinces, this paper used both MEL and OLS methods to evaluate the impact of state-owned forestry reforms on the inequality of household income. The study found that inequality of households in state-owned forestry regions has further aggravated and the reforms take the main responsibility for this phenomenon. The household income gap would increase 8 yuan with one more year of the implementation of market-oriented forestry production; The household income gap would increase 13 yuan with one percentage up in the households who participated in contracted forest management and protection; The household income gap would increase 2 yuan with every one percentage up in the change of forest enterprises ownership; One-time settlement also had a significant effect on growing households'' income gap while pension burden has a significant effect on reducing households'' income gap. Therefore, in the process of pushing the market-oriented reform to improve the efficiency, the government needs to introduce corresponding supporting policies, in particular, to support and help the vulnerable groups in order to avoid the increase of inequality.