应用和改良禾草内生真菌的研究进展与现状

在过去的１０多年，由于内生真菌（Ａｃｒｅｍｏｎｉｕm）侵染的草坪草性能增强，人们认为草坪草共生的内生真菌对于草坪草遗传改良具有深远意义。内生真菌的侵染对草坪草品质的增强包括阻止昆虫和食草动物的采食．以及提高了草坪草对干旱和牛物胁迫的耐性。内生真菌无有性繁殖阶段，实验室培养仅产生营养体，所以认为它们在遗传上是稳定的。但这些内生真菌也有其它遗传变异的途径，其可能包括染色体多态、染色体结构转变和非必需染色体缺失，因此，与内生真菌有关的品质遗传有可能不稳定。内生真菌可以从寄主体中分离出来，经分子技术转化，重新导入寄主体内。随着最近ＤＮＡ转基因技术的应用而很快发展。此外，基因工程或其他方法可以很快形成具有更好的适应性和更有益于野生动物的内生真菌．禾草共生群体。

The status and recent advances in studies on application and approvement of turfgrass's endophyte

During the past ten years or more, because of the improvement of turf grassinfested by endophyte (Acremonium), it's believed that turf grass's symbiotic endophyte issignificant to the improvement of turfgrass. The infest can improve turf grass performances suchas to prevent insects and herbivores from foraging and to enhance turf grass' endurance to arid andbiotic stress. Endophyte doesn't have the stage of sexual reproduction in their life circle, onlyvegetal body can be produced in labs. So it is stable in genetics. But endophyte has some geneticvariations, perhaps including playamorphism of chromosomes, structure change of chromosomeand lost of unessential chromosomes. So, genetic characters in relation with endophyte may beinstable. Endophyte which transformed by molecular technique, may be seperated from the host.This has been developping very fast recentantly by the apply of DNA genes technique. More over,endophyte-grass symbiosis group with better adaptation to environment and more beneficial towild lives can be establshed rapidly by the apply of gene engineering.