枣锈病越冬夏孢子萌发生理研究

枣锈菌［Ｐｈａｋｏｐｓｏｒａｚｉｚｉｐｈｉ－ｚｕｌｇａｒｉｓ（Ｐ．Ｈｅｎｎ）Ｄｉｅｔ］是专性寄生菌,可以侵染大枣、金丝小枣及野生酸枣;枣锈病是重要的流行性病害,越冬病落叶上的夏孢子堆是重要的初侵染来源。本试验测定了越冬夏孢子的萌发生理,明确在３～３０℃之间越冬夏孢子均可萌发,最适２４℃;光暗交替７２ｈ可激活越冬夏孢子萌发,暗的影响较大;ｐＨ３～７间萌发率较高,最适ｐＨ＝６;２％的葡萄糖及２％蔗糖明显的促进越冬夏孢子萌发;大枣、金丝小枣、酸枣的新鲜枣叶汁液均可促进越冬夏孢子萌发,其萌发顺序是酸枣＞大枣＞金丝小枣,这同自然情况下感病性一致。

A Study on the Germination Physiology of the Overwintered Uredospores of Phakopsora ziziphi-vulgaris(P.henn)diet

Phakopsora ziziphi-vulgaris was obligate parasites and could infect “Dazaon"、"JinSi Xiao Zao" and Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa. Jujube rust was an important and epidemic disease. Uredia on fallen diseased leaves were important preliminary infection sources. The germination physiology of the overwintered uredospores was reported in this paper. The experimental results showed that uredospores could germinate in 3～33℃ and the suitable tempreture was 24℃.Light and darkness alternation for 72h could stimulate the germination of overwintered uredospores,and darkness had more important effect on germination than light. The germinating rate was higher in pH3～7 and suitable pH value is 6. 0; 2%dextran and 2% sucrose could obviously increase germination The fresh leaf juice of"DaZaon"、"Jin Si Xiao Zao" and Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa could also increase germinating rate and the results were as follows:Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa>"Da Zao" > "Jin Si Xiao Zao",which was harmonious with the susceptibility in the field.