美洲商陆和姜黄提取物抑菌活性的研究

采用生长速率法测定了美洲商陆Phytolacca amercana Roxb、姜黄Curcuma longa2种中药植物多种溶剂提取物对玉米小斑病菌Helminthosporium maydis、棉花枯萎病菌Fusarium oxysporium、柑橘绿霉病菌Penicilliam digitatum和小麦纹枯病菌Rhizotoniacereais 4种植物病原真菌的生物活性。结果表明，姜黄提取物对玉米小斑和小麦纹枯2种病原菌有较好的抑制作用，其中乙醚提取物对玉米小斑病菌抑制效果最好，其：EC50为0．4688g／L，石油醚提取物对小麦纹枯病菌抑制效果最好，其EC50为0．034g／L。美洲商陆甲醇提取物对柑橘绿霉和小麦纹枯2种病原菌有较强的抑制作用，尤其是根、叶、果3部分的提取物。从甲醇提取物中分离得到美洲商陆总皂甙，生测结果表明美洲商陆总皂甙对柑橘绿霉病菌有很强的抑制作用，其EC50为0．2032g／L。

ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES OF THE EXTRACTS FROM PHYTOLACCA AMERCANA AND CURCUMA LONGA

The fungistasis of two Chinese traditional medicinal plants, Phytolacca amercana Roxb and Curcuma longa, were tested with the isolate hyphae of 4 fungi, Helminthosporium maydis, Fusarium oxysporium, Penecilliam digitatum and Rhizotonia cerealis. The fungistasis of the extracts C. longa on H. maydis and R. Cerealis were good. The ether extract of C. longa had the strongest fungistasis on H. maydis, its EC_ 50 being 0.4688 g/L, and the petroleum ether extract of C. longa had the strongest funfiatasis on R. cerealis, its EC_ 50 being 0.034 g/L. The methyl alcohol extract of P. americana Roxb had the strongest fungistasis on P. digitatum and R. cerealis, especially from the roots, the leaves and the fruit. Saponins of P. amaricana were the main active components in the methyl alcohol extracts. The fungistasis of P. americana on P. dititatum was strong, the EC_ 50 being 0.2032 g/L.