A simple and effective inoculation method for Phytophthora and fungal species on woody plants

In inoculations carried out on buds, young shoots, and stems of woody plants in Norway, map pins contaminated with the pathogens to be tested proved to be convenient tools. The pins were inserted into the plant tissue and were left standing in the inoculation site throughout the experimental period. In the present investigation, the method was used successfully for one Phytophthora and four fungal species on different host plants. Inoculated plant parts developed clear symptoms, while no symptoms occurred where non‐contaminated pins were used. The advantages of this method are multiple: minimal physical damage to the tissue, inoculation points easily traced due to the relatively large top grip on the needles, and time saving as there is no need to cover with polyethylene or Parafilm after inoculation.