福建滨海丰产萄萄的土宜条件

滨海围垦土壤采用高畦深沟栽培葡萄,明显提高了土壤速效养分(碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾分别提高3.4mg/100g±、5ppmp和10ppm);土壤水溶性钠含量降低60ppm,总盐量减少0.032％;多雨季节地下水位离畦面80～100cm,土壤通气良好,根系生长旺盛。高畦栽培的平均产量比低畦栽培的高5.505t/ha。重施有机基肥促进了葡萄速生快长,枝蔓充实。垃圾土改粘可使根系范围扩大50～70cm。良好的防风林带,使台风对枝蔓和叶片的损伤率降低30％左右。夏季用杂草覆盖畦面,减少水分蒸发,有利于果实膨大。

THE CONDITIONS OF SOIL FOR HIGH YIELD GRAPE IN COASTAL REGION OF FUJIAN PROVINCE

The method of the high rectangular pieces of land and deep ditch in enclosing tideland was used to cultivate grape, it was able to increase evidently the amount of available nutritions in the soil (alkalisoluble nitrogen, available P and K were increasing 3.4mg/100g soil, 5ppm, 11ppm, respectively) and reduce the amount of salt in the soil (soluble sodium and the total amount of salt were reducing 60ppm, 0.032%, respectively). The aerate conditions of soil were improved. In the rainy season, the distance from ground water level to grape bed top was 80-100 cm, roots were growing luxuriantly. These mean yield of grape of per ha was more 5.505t than that of the low rectangular pieces of land. Applying organic base manure was sufficient, it improved grape growing rapidly, substantial branches and tendrils. Applying garbage to clayey soil was advantage for grape roots growing (the range of roots growing was increasing 50-70cm). If all around of grapery was good windbreak, the ratio of damaged branches and leaves reduced 30% in the typhoon season. When the top of grape bed was covered with weeds in the summer, it prevented the soil cracked, reduced evaporation of water in the soil and improved fruits growth.