生物炭与化肥减量配施对玉米干物质、产量及氮、磷、钾积累转运的影响

采用田间小区试验,以先玉335为材料,设置5个处理,分别为CK(常规尿素+磷酸二铵+硫酸钾)、BF1(生物炭+80%尿素+80%磷酸二铵+80%硫酸钾)、BF2(生物炭+80%尿素+磷酸二铵+硫酸钾)、BF3(生物炭+尿素+80%磷酸二铵+硫酸钾)、BF4(生物炭+尿素+磷酸二铵+80%硫酸钾),玉米开花期、成熟期采集样品,分析不同处理干物质和养分积累转运特征,明确生物炭与化肥减量配施对玉米产量及氮磷钾养分积累转运的影响。结果表明,BF1、BF2、BF3、BF4处理均增加了植株干物质积累量、转运率及对子粒干物质积累贡献率,提高了玉米产量,促进了玉米植株氮磷钾素积累总量。因此,可应用生物炭与化肥减量配施实现玉米节肥增产。本试验条件下,减量20%硫酸钾配施生物炭对玉米产量效果最优。

Effects of Combined Application of Biochar and Relatively Low-Level Chemical Fertilizer on Dry Matter, Yield, Accumulation and Transport of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in Maize

To clarify the effects of combined application of biochar and fertilizer on maize yield and nutrient accumulation and transport of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. This study was carried out in a field plot experiment,five treatments:CK[conventional urea(N) + diammonium phosphate(P) + potassium sulfate(K)], BF1(biochar + 80% N + 80% P + 80% K), BF2(biochar + 80% N + P + K), BF3(biochar + N + 80% P + K), BF4(biochar + N + P + 80% K). Maize plant samples were collected at flowering and mature stage, the characteristics of dry matter and nutrient accumulation and transport were studied. The results showed that BF1, BF2, BF3 and BF4 treatments all increased plant dry matter accumulation, transport rate and the contribution rate to grain dry matter accumulation, increased maize yield and the total accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in maize plants. Therefore, the combined application of biochar and relatively low-level fertilizer can be used to economize fertilizer and increase yield. The effect on maize yield was the best, a 20% reduction potassium sulfate combined application with biochar, under the experimental condition.