不同种植方式对玉米干物质积累、分配和产量的影响

以玉米杂交种良玉99为材料,2018～2019年设置常规(等行距)种植(CK)和二比空、大垄双行、偏垄宽窄行3种不均匀种植方式,研究不同种植方式对玉米光合作用参数、群体干物质积累、转运与分配及产量的影响。结果表明,与常规种植相比,3种不均匀种植方式玉米群体净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度分别增加了1.39%～36.55%、2.78%～18.98%、5.88%～45.75%;成熟期群体干物质积累量增加3.36%～13.89%;叶片、茎秆和叶鞘干物质转运率分别提高了1.92%～23.08%、5.48%～34.31%、19.56%～53.39%,子粒产量贡献率提高3.50%～62.50%。3种不均匀种植方式显著提高玉米子粒产量,2018年产量提高14.16%～30.34%,2019年产量提高4.19%～9.28%,2018年产量增幅较大主要来源于空秆率的降低。进一步表明,在干旱年份不均匀种植表现出更大的增产优势,3种不均匀种植方式中大垄双行两年子粒产量均最高,分别达6 264.68 kg/hm2和12 449.40 kg/hm2。

Effects of Different Planting Patterns on Dry Matter Accumulation, Distribution and Yield of Maize

Liangyu 99 of maize hybrid was used as the material from 2018 to 2019. We designed general settings planting (row spacing) as CK and three non-uniform planting patterns, two rows of big ridge, partial ridge-narrow/wide row and 2-0 culture, respectively in order to find out the effects of different planting patterns on the photosynthesis parameters, dry matter accumulation,transshipment and distribution of population, and the yield of maize. The results indicated that the net photosynthetic rate of population, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance increased by 1.39%-36.55%, 2.78%-18.98% and 5.88%-45.75% in three non-uniform planting patterns compared with CK; the dry matter accumulation of population increased by 3.36%-13.89%; the dry matter transport rate of leaves, stems and leaf sheaths increased by 1.92%-23.08%, 5.48%-34.31% and 19.56%-53.39%; the contribution rate of grain yield increased by 3.50%-62.50%; It was worth noting that the three non-uniform planting patterns significantly increased the grain yield of maize, and the yield increased by 14.16%-30.34% in 2018, and 4.19%-9.28% in 2019. The reason for the large increase in yield of 2018 was the decline in the empty bar rate. This result further indicated that non-uniform planting patterns in drought years showed a greater yield increase advantage. Among the three types of non-uniform planting patterns, the two rows of big ridge had the highest grain yield in two years, reached 6 264.68 kg/ha and 12 449.40 kg/ha.