自走式油菜薹收获机设计与试验

针对现有油菜薹收获机械匮乏,人工采摘效率低、成本高等问题,结合油菜薹生物学特性与农艺要求,研制了一种自走式油菜薹收获机,可实现自走、自动升降、茎叶统收,一次性完成油菜薹切割、输送与收集等工序。基于动力学与运动学分析了油菜薹收获切割、输送及收集过程,得出了影响收获效率的主要因素,开展了切割装置、拨禾装置、输送装置、割台双升降系统的设计与参数分析。以前进速度、切割线速度、输送带线速度及拨禾轮转速为因素,油菜薹收获漏割率、输送失败率及茎叶破损率为评价指标,开展了二次回归正交旋转台架试验,应用综合评分法确定了最优作业参数组合为：前进速度0.56 m/s、切割线速度0.50 m/s、输送带线速度0.79 m/s、拨禾轮转速49.70 r/min,在最优参数组合下,油菜薹收获效果较优。田间试验结果表明收获机作业后割茬整齐,在最佳参数组合下,漏割率为4.28%,输送失败率为3.42%,茎叶破损率为6.39%,可满足油菜薹实际生产需求。

Design and Experiment of Self-propelled Rapeseed Stalks Harvester

Due to the requirements of multi-functional development of rapeseed for vegetable use, the existing rapeseed stalks harvesting machinery is insufficient, manual picking efficiency is low, and the cost is high. Combined with biological characteristics and agronomic requirements of rapeseed stalks, a self-propelled rapeseed stalks harvester was developed, which could realize self-propelled, automatic lifting, unified harvesting of stems and leaves, and complete cutting, conveying and collecting of rapeseed stalks at one time. Based on dynamics and kinematics analysis of rapeseed stalks harvest cutting, conveying and gathering phase, main factors that influencing the efficiency of the harvest were carried out, the design and parameter analysis of the cutting device, reel device, transmission device and cutting table double lifting system were carried out. The former feeding speed, cutting line speed, conveyor belt speed and rotating wheel speed were taken as factors, and the rapeseed stalks harvesting missed cutting rate, transportation failure rate and stem and leaf damage rate were taken as evaluation indexes. The quadratic regression orthogonal rotating bench test was carried out, and the comprehensive scoring method was used to determine the optimal operation parameters: forward speed was 0.56m/s, cutting line speed was 0.50m/s, the conveyor belt speed was 0.79m/s and the rotary speed was 49.70r/min. Under the optimal parameter combination, the rapeseed stalks harvesting effect was the better. The results of field experiment showed that the harvester cut the stubble in order after operation. Under the optimal combination of parameters, the rate of missed cutting was 4.28%, the rate of transport failure was 3.42%, and the damage rate of stem and leaf was 6.39%, which could meet the actual production demand of rapeseed stalks. The research result could provide reference for the structural design and optimization of rapeseed stalks harvester.