日本国家公园法律制度及其借鉴

自1931年日本《国家公园法》颁布以来,日本的国家公园法律制度已施行90年,相关法律制度已趋于成熟和完善。我国在开展国家公园体制试点过程中出台了指导方案和意见,部分试点地区也出台了地方性法规,但还没有国家层面的国家公园立法。文中重点以日本《自然公园法》《自然公园法施行令》和《自然公园法施行规则》为研究对象,探讨日本的主要国家公园法律制度,提出其对我国国家公园法律制度构建的启示。

Legal System of National Parks in Japan and Its Enlightenment

Japan has implemented its legal system of national park for 90 years since the National Parks Act of Japan was enacted in 1931, which has been more mature and improved. China has issued the guideline and policies in the process of implementing the pilot program of national park system, while some pilot provinces have also issued local regulations, but there is no national-level law for national park. This paper reviews Japan’s Natural Parks Act, Implementation Order of Natural Parks Act and Implementation Rules of Natural Parks Act, discusses the main schemes of national park management in Japan, and identifies their enlightenment to the construction of the legal system for national park in China.