中国干旱半干旱区土壤微生物分布特征及其影响因素

我国干旱半干旱地区干旱少雨，地表植被稀疏。然而，具有广泛生态适应性的微生物仍可通过生理代谢活动改变沙土的理化性质，促进土壤形成及植物营养转化，有利于植物生长，在区域荒漠化防治过程中起到重要作用，具有重要的生态学研究意义。文中总结我国干旱半干旱区土壤微生物的空间及季节分布特征，并对影响其分布特征的自然和人为因素进行全面梳理。了解土壤微生物的分布特征及其影响因素，可为土壤微生物在该区域生态恢复方面的应用提供参考。同时，根据区域生态恢复重建及增强区域生态安全保障的需要，对未来研究进行展望。

Distribution Characteristics of Soil Microorganisms in Arid and Semi-arid Areas of China and Its Influencing Factors

The arid and semi-arid area in China is dry in climate with little rainfall, and the surface vegetation is sparse. However, microorganisms with extensive ecological adaptability not only can change the physical and chemical properties of sandy soilthrough physiological and metabolic activities, but also can promote the formation of soil and the transformation of plant nutrition. So they are beneficial to plant growth and play an important role in the process of regional desertification control, which has important ecological research significance. This paper summarizes the characteristics of spatial and seasonal distribution of soil microorganisms in arid and semi-arid areas of China, and reviews the natural and human factors affecting their distribution characteristics. Understanding the distribution characteristics of soil microorganisms and its influencing factors would provide reference for the application of soil microorganisms in ecological restoration in this region. The future research directions are prospected in accordance with the needs of regional ecological restoration and reconstruction and regional ecological security enhancement．