上坡融雪径流对下坡融雪影响的模拟试验

东北低山丘陵区土地利用复杂,常有上坡积雪优先融化产流现象,不同产流模式融雪侵蚀过程不同.为深入了解上坡积雪优先融化条件下坡面融雪产流过程,采用室内模拟融雪试验,研究解冻期上坡融雪径流、坡度、坡长及积雪密度对坡面融雪产流过程的影响.结果表明：1）影响积雪融化速率的主要因素为上坡融雪径流,上坡融雪径流量为0.1L/s时,融雪速率为591 g/min,上坡融雪径流量增加至0.5 L/s时,融雪速率提高到1 121 g/min,融雪速率加快近2倍;2）坡度与积雪融化速率呈正相关关系,坡度为2°时,融雪速率为766 g/min,坡度提高至14°时,融雪速率增大到1 002 g/min;3）融雪速率随坡长增加整体呈上升趋势;4）积雪密度变化与积雪融化速率之间线型关系不明显.研究结果可为融雪侵蚀预报模型研究提供参考.

Simulated slope snowmelt process of the priority runoff from uphill

The land use is very complex in hilly and gully regions of northeastern China.There is an interesting phenomenon that the runoff of uphill melts firstly,which results in different erosion processes.This study was designed to investigate the influence of snowmelt runoff,slope gradient,slope length and snow density on snow melting rate via simulating snowmelt experiment.The results are shown as follows.1） The snow melting rate was mainly controlled by the snowmelt runoff and significantly increased with the increasing snow-melt runoff.When the volume of snowmelt water was 0.1 L/s,the snow melting rate was 591 g/min; when the volume of snowmelt water was 0.5 L/s,the snow melting rate was 1 121 g/ min.2） Snow melting rate was significantly positively correlated with slope gradient.When slope gradient was 2°,the snow melting rate was 766 g/min ; when it was 14°,the snow melting rate was 1 002 g/min.3） The snow melting rate showed a positive correlation with slope length.4） There was no obvious linear relationship between snow density and snow melting rate.Our findings would provide reference for the research of water erosion prediction project （WEPP）.