美国列克星敦市水土保持与生态环境特色

列克星敦市是美国肯塔基州的第2大城市,空气洁净,天空蔚蓝,建筑物蕴藏在绿林之间和兰草地之上,城市生态环境十分优美。通过调查发现,该市水土保持与生态环境的特色是：1）城市发展以绿色为主题,城市景观中草地面积大,林草覆盖率高;2）民众不仅种草护草意识强,而且种草护草技术十分普及;3）地面不允许有表土裸露,作为绿化地面之补充的木屑铺装作用大;4）城市建筑布设与排水尊重原始地貌起伏,做到了与大自然和谐;5）垃圾管理实现标准化与系统化,及时清除各类垃圾与废弃物,对治理风的吹扬作用、净化空气作出了贡献;6）城市工程与各种建设施工非常注重临时防护,有效防止了开发建设引发的水土流失;7）城郊农田免耕和秸杆覆盖作用等水土保持耕作法避免了耕地休闲期的风蚀作用,配合了城市的生态环境维护。列克星敦市城市水土保持与生态环境保护一些经验与措施值得我国类似城市学习和借鉴。

Urban soil and water conservation and ecological environment features of Lexington,USA

Lexington, the second largest city in Kentucky, USA, has beautiful urban ecological environment： clean air,blue sky and buildings among woods and bluegrass. My survey indicates that the urban soil and water conservation and ecological environment features of Lexington are： 1） Green is the theme of Lexinton city development. There are large areas of grassland in the city landscape. The coverage rate of green plants is very high; 2） Citizens have strong sense of protecting grassland. Grass breeding and protection technology is very popular; 3） Direct soil exposure on the earth is not allowed.As supplementary of greening,small wood cuttings play a significant role; 4） Urban planning of construction and drainage system takes the natural landscape into full consideration, which is environment-friendly; 5） Refuse management is standard and systematic. Rubbish and wastes are removed timely,which is important to blown sand control and air cleaning. 6） In civil construction sites,temporary protections are significant to prevent water and soil loss caused by construction activities. 7）Water and soil conservation tillage methods on the farmland around urban area,such as no plough and straw coverage during fallow land period are applied to avoid wind erosion,which maintains green urban ecological environment. The experiences of environment protection and some methods of water and soil conservation of Lexington are worth to learn as a reference.