氮钾肥施用方法对烤烟品质及经济效益的影响

针对河南烟区烤烟生产中施肥时所提供的氮、钾量与烟株生长的需氮、钾规律不吻合现状,采用大田小区试验,设置不同烟草专用氮钾肥基追肥比例10∶0、7∶3、5∶5,并配合钾肥在烟株生长旺长期—圆顶期不同兑水淋施处理,研究不同氮钾肥施用方法对烤烟化学成分、中性致香成分质量分数及经济效益的影响。结果表明：1）采用前期施足基肥（70%烟草专用肥）,适量追肥（30%烟草专用肥）,硝酸钾在旺长期—圆顶期分3次兑水追施的施肥方式能够显著提高中、上部烟叶的钾质量分数,使烟叶糖/碱比、钾/氯比趋于协调,提高了上部烟叶的可用性;该处理与对照相比,中、上部烟叶钾质量分数分别提高了49.70%和95.2%。2）从香气物质上来看,该处理中部烟叶中性致香成分中的棕色化产物、类胡萝卜素类、新植二烯香气物质和香气总量分别比对照提高6.59、45.45、249.13和326.89μg/g,增幅分别达36.96%、36.29%、51.70%和49.52%。3）从经济效益上来看,该处理与对照相比增产125.05 kg/hm2,增加产值3 737.81元/hm2。因此,烟草专用肥以7∶3的比例分别在移栽时和大培土时施用、全部的硝酸钾肥在旺长期—圆顶期分3次兑水淋施的施肥措施下烟叶化学成分更协调。该处理增加了烟草香气物质的质量分数,从而显著提高了烟叶产值。

Effect of N and K fertilizer application methods on quality and economic benefits of Nicotiana tabacum L.

Given the fact that contents of nitrogen and potassium in the fertilizers during Nicotiana tabacum L. production do not match with N and K requirements in Nicotiana tabacum L. growth process,this study designed five treatments in order to explore the effects of fertilizer application methods on the contents of chemical components and aromatic components as well as the economic benefits of Nicotiana tabacum L.. The treatments are as follows. T1（ CK） ： Nicotiana tabacum L. specialty fertilizer and all the KNO3 were applied as base fertilizer when transplanted; T2： 50% Nicotiana tabacum L. specialty fertilizer and 50% KNO3 were applied as base fertilizer when transplanted and the other fertilizers were applied for dressing in large ridging; T3： 100% Nicotiana tabacum L. specialty fertilizer was applied as base fertilizer at the time of transplanting,and 100% KNO3 was diluted separately for three times at the vigorous growth stage; T4： The ratio of Nicotiana tabacum L. specialty base fertilizer to topdressing was7∶ 3,and all the KNO3 was diluted separately for three times at the vigorous growth stage; T5： The ratio of Nicotiana tabacum L. specialty base fertilizer to topdressing was 3 ∶ 7,and all the KNO3 diluted separately for three times during the vigorous growth stage. Results showed that： 1） Adequate base fertilizer applied at early growing stage（ 70% Nicotiana tabacum L. specialty fertilizer）,appropriate topdressing amount（ 30% Nicotiana tabacum L. specialty fertilizer） and all KNO3 diluted separately for three times during the vigorous growth stage could significantly increase the K content in the leaves of middle and upper parts,and make Nicotiana tabacum L. sugar / nicotine ratio and potassium / chlorine ratio balanced,and therefore could improve the usability upper part leaves. Compared with control,K content in middle and upper part leaves in this treatment was increased by 49. 70% and 95. 2%,respectively. 2） From the aroma point of view,browning reactions,carotenoids,neoply