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Pollen grains of heat tolerant tomato cultivars retain higher carbohydrate concentration under heat stress conditions
Authors:N Firon  R Shaked  MM Peet  DM Pharr  E Zamski  K Rosenfeld  L Althan  E Pressman
Institution:1. Department of Vegetable Crops, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel;2. Department of Horticultural Science, NCSU, Raleigh, NC, USA;3. Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Rehovot 76100, Israel
Abstract:Exposure to high temperatures (heat stress) causes reduced yield in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), mainly by affecting male gametophyte development. Two experiments were conducted where several tomato cultivars were grown under heat stress, in growth chambers (day/night temperatures of 31/25 °C) or in greenhouses (day/night temperatures of 32/26 °C), or under control (day/night temperatures of 28/22 °C) conditions. In heat-sensitive cultivars, heat stress caused a reduction in the number of pollen grains, impaired their viability and germinability, caused reduced fruit set and markedly reduced the numbers of seeds per fruit. In the heat-tolerant cultivars, however, the number and quality of pollen grains, the number of fruits and the number of seeds per fruit were less affected by high temperatures. In all the heat-sensitive cultivars, the heat-stress conditions caused a marked reduction in starch concentration in the developing pollen grains at 3 days before anthesis, and a parallel decrease in the total soluble sugar concentration in the mature pollen, whereas in the four heat-tolerant cultivars tested, starch accumulation at 3 days before anthesis and soluble sugar concentration at anthesis were not affected by heat stress. These results indicate that the carbohydrate content of developing and mature tomato pollen grains may be an important factor in determining pollen quality, and suggest that heat-tolerant cultivars have a mechanism for maintaining the appropriate carbohydrate content under heat stress.
Keywords:Lycopersicon esculentum  Cultivars  Heat stress  Heat tolerance  Pollen quality  Starch  Sugars  Tomato
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