基于GIS技术的农村居民点空间演变与特征研究

基于2005年和2010年两期遥感影像，提取了成都市龙泉驿区农村居民点的空间分布信息，运用GIS技术和空间分析模型，定量分析了龙泉驿区农村居民点的时空分布特征及其演变规律。结果表明:通过380个面积为2.43 km²的方格网覆盖整个研究区域，比较各格网中农村居民点分布的数量得出，2005年和2010年龙泉驿区农村居民点的分布存在显著的差异；通过计算最近邻点统计量，得出2005年龙泉驿区农村居民点的空间分布总体上呈现显著的分散趋势；2010年农村居民点的空间分布则表现出聚集的态势，但却不具有统计显著性；2010年与2005年相比，农村居民点的数量不断减少，分布形态也愈发地趋于集聚。该研究可为农村居民点的空间布局提供决策依据，为新农村建设、增减挂钩规划、农村土地综合整治等提供应用参考。

Study on Spatial Pattern Evolvement and Features of Rural Settlement Based on GIS

Taking the rural settlement distribution information of Chengdu Longquanyi district as a database which was set up by RS images of 2005 and 2010, GIS and spatial analysis model were used to quantitatively analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlement and its evolvement rule. The results showed that there were significant difference in rural settlement spatial distribution between 2005 and 2010 compared with the rural settlement quantity of each grid which number was 380 and scale was 2.34 km². Second, by calculating the nearest neighbor statistics, the rural settlement spatial distribution of 2005 showed significant dispersion trend in general, while the 2010 presented clumped pattern but insignificant in terms of statistics. Third, the quantity of rural settlement was decreasing and its spatial distribution morphology trended to agglomeration in 2010 compared with 2005. This research can provide decision-making basis for rural settlement arrangement and application reference for new countryside construction, increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land planning, rural land integrated consolidation and so on.