基于GIS的陕南水源区农产品虚拟水空间差异分析

基于GIS支持，采用Renault等的计算方法，对2010年陕南水源区主要农产品虚拟水空间结构进行分析。结果表明:三市间农产品虚拟水总量差异很大，汉中约52亿m³，安康约37亿m³，商洛约23亿m³；汉中、安康虚拟水结构比较类似，以猪肉（19%，22%）、油料（21%，22%）、稻谷（25%，14%）为主，商洛虚拟水结构与汉中、安康差异很大，以猪肉、小麦、玉米为主（21%，17%，20%）。县域尺度上，虚拟水总量、猪肉、油料、家禽、水果、蔬菜、稻谷虚拟水均表现出沿汉江河谷地带高，向两侧山区递减，南部大巴山区高于北部秦岭山区的特征；玉米、小麦虚拟水丹江流域多于汉江流域；奶类虚拟水更集中于区域中心市区及周边。传统习惯、地理条件、农业结构调整等是造成虚拟水空间差异的主要因素。

Analysis on Spatial Difference of Agricultural Virtual Water in Water Source Area of Southern Shaanxi Province Based on GIS

On the base of GIS support, with the calculation method of Renault, etc, the spatial difference of agricultural virtual water in water source area of southern Shaanxi Province in 2010 was analyzed. The results have shown that the gross volumes of virtual water among the three cities are quite different(5.2×10⁹ m³ in Hanzhong, 3.7×10⁹ m³ in Ankang, and 2.3×10⁹ m³ in Shangluo); both Hanzhong and Ankang have similar virtual water structure, such as pork(19%, 22%), oil (21%, 22%), and rice (25%, 14%), while Shangluo is very unlike the former, e.g., pork(21%,), wheat(17%), maize(20%). On county scale, the gross volume of virtual water, and all kinds of agricultural virtual water have shown the characteristics of higher volume along the valley area from which descend to mountainous area, and higher volume in the Daba mountain than that in the Qinling Mountain. The differences were mainly due to traditional customs, geographical conditions, agricultural structure adjustment. This paper put forward an agricultural space optimization scheme from the point of providing more water.