外植体及培养条件对葡萄不定芽再生的影响

以优良无核葡萄品种莫利莎、皇家夏天为试材,分别从外植体类型、叶片接种部位、接种方式及培养条件等方面进行不定芽再生技术研究。结果表明,2品种葡萄试管苗离体叶片切割后接种较节间和叶柄容易诱导不定芽再生;将叶片切分为叶尖、叶中、叶基部叶块分别接种,其不定芽再生能力没有差异;取自培养30～50d继代苗上的叶片,其不定芽再生效果相同;叶块以近轴面或远轴面接触培养基的接种方式对不定芽再生影响不大,不过叶片远轴面贴近培养基接种,产生的愈伤组织状态较好;25℃左右小幅变温或恒温的条件能诱发2个葡萄品种产生较多的不定芽;葡萄不定芽再生须经黑暗培养或弱光培养,暗培养时间在2周与4周之间再生效果差异不显著。

Effects of explants and culture status on adventitious bud regeneration in grapes

The first to third young leaves, petioles, or internodes from the top of shoots were used to study the effect of types of explants, methods of inoculation, and culture conditions on the regeneration of adventitious buds in grape cultivars of Melissa and Summer Royal. The results showed that it was easier to obtain adventitious buds from leaves cut into disks than from internodes and petioles as explants. The leaf disks derived from the tip, middle, or base parts of the leaves had the same adventitious bud regenerate ability. There was no significant difference when leaves were sampled from the plantlets sub-cultured for a period of range from 30 to 50 d. No difference was found on the adventitious bud regeneration rates whether upper surfaces or lower surfaces of the leaves were touching the medium, but healthy calluses were generated from the latter. More adventitious buds were obtained when explants were incubated at slight fluctuating temperature of (25±3) ℃ daily and at flat temperature of 25 ℃. Darkness or low intensity light at the beginning of adventitious bud induction was necessary with no difference for the incubating duration from 2 to 4 weeks.