新疆猪毛菜属植物多样性及其地理分布特征

猪毛菜属(Salsola L.)是藜科中最大的属之一,在新疆植物区系和植物资源开发利用中占有重要地位。通过对新疆猪毛菜属32种植物的果时花被片附属物和叶片解剖结构的特征及其地理分布的分析,结果表明:①果期花被片附属物可分为两类,其中具翅状附属物的形态更加丰富;②得到4种叶片解剖结构类型,包括C3-SYMP型、C3-C4中间型、C4-SALS+H型和C4-SALS-H型。依据叶片解剖结构类型判断,新疆猪毛菜属中C4植物占绝大多数;③在新疆分布的猪毛菜属种类以草本植物居多,其生境主要以旱生和盐生环境为主;④猪毛菜属植物分布在新疆的6个地理分布地区,其中以准噶尔亚地区分布最多,塔城伊犁亚地区分布次之;⑤新疆猪毛菜属植物与国外邻近地区的共有种明显多于国内邻近地区。

Biodiversity and Geographical Distribution of the Genus Salsola L. in Xinjiang

Salsola (L.) is one of the biggest genera in the family Chenopodiaceae and plays an important role in the flora and plant resources utilization in Xinjiang. In this study,the biodiversity (including fruiting perianths and leaf anatomical structures) and geographical distribution of 32 Salsola species distributed in Xinjiang were observed. The results were as follows: ① According to the fruiting perianths with or without the winglike appendages,they were divided into two kinds,and the kind with winglike appendages had more abundant forms;② There were four leaf anatomical structures including C3-SYMP,C3-C4,C4-SALS + H,and C4-SALS-H. Based on these structures,the most Salsola species in Xinjiang were C4 plants;③ The Salsola species in Xinjiang were mostly herbaceous,and their habitats were mainly in dry and salty environments;④ They were distributed in six geographical areas in Xinjiang,and the most ones were distributed in the Juggar subregion,and then in the Tacheng-Yili subregion;⑤ The common Salsola species in Xinjiang and the neighboring countries were significantly more than those in the neighboring regions of China.