蔬菜联合播种机关键部件结构设计

针对类球型小粒径种子的蔬菜生产用工量大,生产管理工序复杂,机具更替多等问题,设计一种蔬菜联合播种机。该机可实现施肥、旋耕、起垄、开沟、播种、覆土联合播种作业,适用于旱地大田精量播种作业,有助于农业生产效率,降低劳动成本。整机采用模块化设计,结构简单紧凑,模块之间连接可靠、方便调节、安装、拆卸,可节省现场准备时间,且利于运输与维护。为控制播深,提出一种耧腿式开沟器,根据土壤切削挤压和开沟器曲面形成原理,分析开沟器触土部件的特性,确定其起始滑切角为23°、终止滑切角为45°时的滑切阻力较小。分析排种盘型孔种子受力情况,得到排种盘型孔处所需最小负压为-0.4kPa。田间试验结果表明:蔬菜联合播种机作业效果良好,其合格指数、重播指数、漏播指数和合格粒距变异系数分别为88.6%、9.2%、5.5%和28.4%,各项指标均优于农业播种行业标准。

Design on key parts of vegetable combine seeder

Aiming at the problems of large amount of labour used in the process of vegetable production,complex management processes and more machinery replacement,a vegetable combine seeder is designed,which can realize the combined seeding of fertilization,rotary tillage,ridging,ditching,sowing and covering soil.It is suitable for precision seeding in field,and helps improve efficiency and reduce costs.The whole machine applies modular design,simple and compact structure,reliable connection between modules,convenient adjustment,installation and disassembly,can save on-site preparation time,and is conducive to transportation and maintenance.In order to control sowing depth,a furrow opener is carried out.According to the principle of soil sliding and plow forming,the characteristics of soil-touching parts of furrow opener are analyzed.It is determined that the slip resistance of furrow opener is smaller when the initial slip angle is 23°and the end slip angle is 45°.The stress of seed in the suction hole was analyzed,and the minimum negative pressure at the hole of the metering tray was-0.4kPa.The results of field experiment showed that the effect of vegetable combine seeder was good.The qualifying index,replay index,leakage index and qualified grain spacing coefficient were 88.6%,9.2%,5.5%and 28.4%.All the indexes were better than the agricultural industry standard.The combine seeder has strong agronomic adaptability and high economic efficiency.