丘陵山区果园植保机械研究现状及发展趋势

丘陵山区是我国水果生产的主要地区,病虫害防治是果品生产中重要的管理作业之一,我国丘陵山区果园植保机械化率较低,已严重制约我国果品产业进一步发展。本文对国内外丘陵山区果园新型植保机械与装备进行了综述,介绍了国外“智能喷洒、精确喷洒、选择喷洒”等先进喷雾技术和植保无人机的发展及应用,对国内丘陵山区果园植保机械的研究与发展现状进行了论述,分析了国内植保机械与国外相比存在的主要差距,并提出了未来我国丘陵山区果园植保机械发展的几点建议:研发小型轻便的、适用于丘陵山地果园的智能化植保机械;无人机的推广与使用正能有效地解决我国丘陵山区果园施药的各方面问题;学习国外先进植保技术,将精准对靶技术、机电一体化技术、变量施药技术等先进的科学技术应用于植保机械的生产及使用过程中等。

Research status and development trend of orchard plant protection machinery in hilly and mountainous areas

Hilly and mountainous areas are the main areas of fruit production in China. Pest and disease control is one of the important management operations in fruit production. The low mechanization rate of orchard plant protection in hilly and mountainous areas has seriously restricted the further development of fruit industry in China. This paper summarizes the new plant protection machinery and equipment in orchards at home and abroad, and introduces the development and application of advanced spray technology such as "intelligent spraying, precision spraying and selective spraying" abroad, and the development and application of plant protection UAV. It also discusses the research and development status of orchard plant protection machinery in Hilly areas of China, and analyzes the main gaps between domestic plant protection machinery and foreign countries. Some suggestions are put forward for the future development of China’s orchard plant protection machinery in hilly and mountainous areas, develop small and portable intelligent plant protection machinery suitable for hilly and mountainous orchard, the promotion and use of drones can effectively solve all aspects of pesticide application in orchards in hilly and mountainous areas in China, learn advanced foreign plant protection technology, and apply advanced scientific technology such as accurate target technology, mechatronics technology, variable pesticide application technology to the production and use of plant protection machinery.