梨病毒病及无病毒化栽培综述

概述了中国梨的几种重要病毒病:梨环纹花叶病毒病(PRPMV)、梨脉黄病毒病(PVYV)、榅桲矮化病毒病(QSV)、苹果茎沟病毒病(ASGV)、梨石痘病毒病(PSPV)及其危害性,较全面地介绍了目前梨病毒病的几种检测方法。现在研究认为,以PCR技术和核酸分子杂交技术为基础的分子生物学方法结合较成熟的ELISA检测以及电镜观察能比较准确、快速地检测出中国梨的病毒病;热处理、茎尖培养、微体嫁接、化学制剂处理及其联合应用为梨病毒的脱毒提供了有效途径;并根据梨无毒苗的生长特点提出了梨无病毒化栽培的管理技术。

The Virus Diseases of Pear and Culture Techniques of Virus-Free Trees

This review briefly summaries the main species and damage of pear virus diseases in China: PRPMV?PVYV?QSV?ASGV?PSPV. The effective detection and elimination techniques of pear viruses are introduced in detail. The researches showed that it would be more accurate and faster to detect the pearviruses by using the methods of ELISA detection, electron microscope observation and molecular biologybasing on PCR and nucleic acid molecule hybridization techniques. Applying thermotherapy, meristem culture, micropropagation and chemical preparation may provide effective ways for eliminating the pear virus diseases. At last the significant culture techniques were suggested basing on the growth characteristics of pear trees without viruses as well.