小麦-近缘物种染色体系的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成及白粉病抗性

为了挖掘小麦近缘物种的高分子量麦谷蛋白新亚基和抗白粉病基因新类型,以小麦品种中国春和Alcedo(来自德国)为对照,对133份小麦-近缘物种染色体系进行了高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)分析和白粉病抗性调查。HMW-GS分析发现,25份材料与对照小麦的HMW-GS类型不同,其中,含外源染色体HMW-GS的有16份;亲本部分HMW-GS发生沉默的有2份;含外源染色体HMW-GS且亲本的部分HMW-GS发生沉默的有7份。在含外源HMW-GS的材料中,73.9%的HMW-GS来自于小麦近缘物种第1同源染色体,17.4%的HMW-GS来自第2、3和5同源染色体。白粉病抗性调查显示,尾状山羊草E#1、两芒山羊草2Mbi#1、沙融山羊草4Ssh#8、高大山羊草6Sl#3和簇毛麦5V#3S染色体上可能含有抗小麦白粉病新基因,值得进一步向小麦转育。本研究发现的新HMW-GS和潜在抗小麦白粉病新基因为利用这些资源进行小麦抗病育种与品质改良打下了坚实的基础。

High Molecular Weight Glutenin Composition and Powdery Mildew Resistance of Wheat-alien Chromosome Lines

In order to explore novel high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) and potential novel powdery mildew resistance gene(s) from wheat alien species,the composition of HMW-GS and powdery mildew resistance of 133 wheat-alien chromosome lines were analyzed. HMW-GS in 25 wheat-alien chromosome lines were different from those of wheat controls. Among these lines,16 lines carried exogenous HMW-GS,and 2 lines had partial HMW-GS silenced. Totally 7 lines had wheat HMW-GS silenced and exogenous HMW-GS simultaneously. Among the materials with exogenous HMW-GS,73.9% were derived from homologous group 1 of wheat wild relative chromosomes,and 17.4% were derived from chromosome homologous groups 2,3 and 5. Powdery mildew resistance investigation showed that Aegilops caudata E#1,Ae. biuncialis 2M_bi#1,Ae.sharonensis 4S_sh#8,Ae. longissima 6Sl#3 and Dasypyrum villosum 5V#3S chromosomes might carry new powdery mildew resistance gene(s) which are worth to be transferred into wheat varieties through chromosome engineering. New HMW-GS and potential new powdery mildew resistance gene(s) explored from wheat alien species by the current research could be used in wheat breeding program in the future.