蚕豆替代鱼类饲料的应用研究

近年来，随着饲料中鱼粉成本的不断升高，寻求新的饲料原料显得越来越重要。蚕豆营养丰富袁比小麦等谷粒具有更高的蛋白质含量和能量，并含有丰富的维生素和矿质元素，因而可以部分替代饲料中的小麦和鱼粉等物质，在鱼类饲料原料替代方面潜在价值可期。研究表明，蚕豆可促进鲈（Dicentrarchus labrax）的生长，改变草鱼（Ctenopharynodon idellus）、鲫（Carassius auratus gibelio）和斑点叉尾鮰（Ictalurus punctatus）等鱼类的肌肉品质，对摄食蚕豆鱼类的生理生化特性皆有不同程度的影响。但蚕豆中的单宁、多酚和酶抑制剂等抗营养因子在一定程度上阻碍了鱼体的生理代谢。综述前人研究，可根据不同鱼类添加不同比例的蚕豆或消除蚕豆中抗营养因子等手段以优化蚕豆替代饲料在鱼类中的应用。

Study on substitution of faba bean for feed in fish

In recent years, seeking new feed materials has become increasingly important because of the rising cost of fish meal in feed. Faba bean has good value of high protein content and energy values compared with wheat and other grains, and contains rich vitamin and mineral elements. Therefore, faba bean has a great potential to replace the wheat and fish meal for raw materials of fish feed. Previous studies show that adding a partial percentage of faba bean into the feed can promote the growth of the European seabass, change muscle quality of grass carp, allogynogenetic silver crucian carp,channel catfish and so on, and affect physiological and biochemical characteristics of faba bean-fed fish. However, antinutritional factors of faba bean, including polyphenols, tannins and enzyme inhibitors and others, could hinder thephysiological metabolism of faba bean -fed fish. Based on previous studies, some methods including adding different proportions of faba bean in the diets of fish according to different fish or eliminating the anti-nutritional factors of faba bean and other means might enhance the application efficiency of faba bean in fish feed.