“超纤渗灌”对摩尔多瓦葡萄生长与果实品质的影响研究

“超细纤维”渗灌是一种通过纤维毛细作用,将水分从超细纤维毛细芯传递到植物根部土壤的节水灌溉方式。试验在宁夏永宁县玉泉营农场的摩尔多瓦（Vitis vinifera L.cv. Moldova）葡萄园中进行,灌溉方式分为环状超细纤维表面渗灌（A*0）、埋深10 cm的环状超细纤维渗灌（A*10）和常规沟灌（CK）,每株单次灌水量为30 L,灌水周期为1个月。结果表明,在相同的灌水量下,A*10和A*0的土壤含水量变化较CK更稳定,叶水势总体上高于CK,说明“超细纤维”渗灌能够维持较为稳定的水分状态,延缓了葡萄所遭受的水分胁迫。A*10和A*0的副梢生长量比CK分别提高了92%和57%;A*10的粒重比CK提高了8.1%,且A*10的产量比CK提高46.8%,说明“超细纤维”渗灌对葡萄的生长起到了促进作用。A*0和A*10的果粒可滴定酸和可溶性固形物水平与CK差异不大。成熟期A*0和A*10的果粒脯氨酸含量低于CK,是由于“超细纤维”渗灌能够缓解葡萄所受到的水分胁迫;A*0和A*10的花色苷含量高于CK,分别比CK提高了5.2%和14.3%,表明A*10供水均匀连续,有利于花色苷的累积。收获时,A*0和A*10的可溶性蛋白含量高于CK,其中A*10比CK高29%。,说明“超细纤维”渗灌有助于葡萄可溶性蛋白的合成。因此,“超细纤维”渗灌不仅比沟灌水分利用效率高,且能在一定程度上提高葡萄品质。

Effects of microfiber wicking infiltration irrigation on grape growth and fruit quality of Vitis vinifera L.cv. Moldova in arid region

As a water|saving irrigation method, microfiber wicking infiltration irrigation (MWII) transfers water from wicking capillary to the root zone of plants based on capillary phenomenon. This experiment was carried out in a vineyard planted Vitis vinifera L.cv. Moldova. The irrigation methods were surface annular capillary irrigation (A*0), annular capillary irrigation at a depth of 10 cm (A*10),and conventional furrow irrigation (CK). Every month, 30 L water was irrigated for each plant. The results showed that the soil water content was more stable and the leaf water potential was higher, meaning MWII reduced the water stress of grape with the same amount of irrigation water.The lateral shoot growth for A*10 and A*0 was 92% and 57% higher than CK. The berry weight for A*10 was 8.1% higher than CK and yield for A*10 was 46.8% higher than CK, which indicated that MWII promoted the growth of grape. The titratable acid and soluble solids for A*0 and A*10 treatments were basically consistent with CK. The proline content of A*0 and A*10 was less than CK, which showed that MWII alleviated the water stress of grape. The anthocyanins for A*0 and A*10 were 5.2% and 14.3%, respecitively, higher than CK,indicating that A*10 water supply was uniform and continuous, which was conducive to accumulation of anthocyanins. The soluble protein content of A*0 and A*10 at maturity was highter than CK, and the soluble protein content for A*10 was 29% higher than CK. MWII promoted the synthesis of soluble protein. Therefore, MWII improved water use efficiency and grape quality to a certain extent.