福建山药地方资源主要农艺性状与品质特性比较

为了筛选出福建山药优良种质资源，为选育高产、优质的山药品种奠定基础，对收集自福建的24份山药农家品种的主要农艺性状与品质特性进行分析。结果表明，永定薯、MYSY1长势较旺，有不规则、较大零余子，且产量最高。漳州直薯、漳州块薯和松溪薯长势旺，无零余子；漳州直薯和块薯产量较高，但口感一般；松溪薯产量较高，但肉质疏松、含水量高、易氧化，口感较差，烘干后黑褐色。明溪薯、MSSY资源和清流薯长势中，无零余子，采收期长，含水量较少，肉质紧密，断面白而粘液多，口感好，烘干后颜色较白；永安薯长势中，无零余子，含水量少，淀粉和冷浸出物含量较高，烘干后色泽好，但其肉质结实，口感欠佳，且茎块小产量低；JYSY2、JYSY10和JYSY12资源长势弱，有少量零余子。安溪薯、松溪薯及漳州块薯的块茎形状为块状，其它资源的为长圆柱形、圆柱形。经聚类分析将24个品种分成了3组。综合评价，MSSY资源、MYSY1资源、明溪薯和清流薯具有较好农艺性状和品质特性，开发潜力巨大。

Comparison of agronomic and quality characters of Yam among Local Variety Resources in Fujian

The selection of elite yam germplasm resources in Fujian was an important foundation for the breeding of high-quality and excellent yam varieties. The agronomic and quality characters of 24 agricultural breeds of yam were analyzed. The results indicated that, the yam variety MYSY1 from Yongding could yield the highest with irregularly-shaped, relatively larger bulbils; The varieties Straight Yams,Block Yams from Zhangzhou(higher yield, poor mouthfeel)and the variety from Songxi(higher yield, loose fresh, high water content, easy oxidization, poor mouthfeel and blacken after drying)grew well but yielded no bulbil. With medium growth vigor, long harvesting time and without bulbil, varieties collected in Mingxi, Qingliu and MSSY were less in water content,compact in fresh and white in section, as well as containing plenty of mucus and whitening after drying. The varieties from Yongan similar to those from Mingxi, Qingliu and MSSY mentioned above in growth vigor, bulbil yielding and water content, had higher content of starch and cool extracts and good color after drying with compact fresh and low yield. The varieties JYSY2, JYSY10 and JYSY12, able to yield a small quantity of bulbils,did not grow well. The shape of the tubers of Anxi, Songxi and Zhangzhou was massive, while that for the others was cylinder and long cylinder. The 24 yam cultivars could be divided into 3 groups by the Dendrogram analysis. The varieties from MSSY, MYSY1, Mingxi and Qingliu had relatively remarkable gronomic and quality characters, and had great exploitation potential.