葡萄锰中毒症及其相关营养元素分析

以玉溪市葡萄生产上出现的锰中毒症株及正常株为研究对象,采用田间调查与室内检测分析、锰中毒株与正常株比较相结合的方法,研究了葡萄锰中毒株及正常株叶片的N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Fe等指标,以及根际土壤的pH、有效态Mn、Fe、Ca、Mg等指标,以期为玉溪市葡萄生产上锰中毒症的防控提供技术依据。结果表明:与正常株比较,葡萄发生锰中毒株的叶片锰含量平均高达1 501.3 mg·kg^-1,比正常株的552.6 mg·kg^-1提高了1.7倍之多;P、K含量也极显著提高1倍多,而Ca、Mg含量则极显著降低近40%;锰毒株的Ca/Mn、Mg/Mn很低,分别为17.7、2.1,均显著低于正常株的98.3、10.5。葡萄发生锰中毒株的根际土壤的pH为4.29~4.35(为强酸性),有效Mn含量高达159.8~178.2 mg·kg^-1;土壤的Ca/Mn、Mg/Mn也很低,分别为7.1、0.6,均显著低于正常株的180.2、13.3。在玉溪市葡萄生产上发生的以"叶片主脉、支脉及叶脉附近的叶肉组织呈褐色状"为典型症状的锰毒株,其叶片锰吸收量过高,分析其原因是由于根际土壤pH较低为强酸性,土壤有效Mn含量过高,有效态Ca、Mg含量过低,Ca/Mn、Mg/Mn也很低所致。为葡萄生产上选择适宜土壤及其pH调节、合理平衡施肥提供参考依据。

Analysis of Mn-toxicity in Grapes and Its Related Nutrient Elements

Manganese poisoning plants and normal plants were used as research objects in grape production in Yuxi,the methods analysis of field investigation,laboratory test,comparison between manganese poisoning plants and normal plants were used.Leaf samples and rhizosphere soil samples were collected from manganese poisoning and normal plants fields.pH,available Ca,Mg,Mn,Fe of soil were detected,as well as N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Mn,Fe of leaves,in order to provide technical basis for prevention and control of Mn poisoning in grape production in Yuxi city.The results showed that compared with normal plants,the Mn content in leaves of grape plants with Mn poisoning was up to 1 501.3 mg·kg^-1 on average,1.7 times higher than that of normal plants with 552.6 mg·kg^-1.P and K contents were also more than doubled,while Ca and Mg contents were significantly reduced by nearly 40%.Ca/Mn and Mg/Mn of the Mn poisoned plants were very low,17.7 and 2.1,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of the normal plants(98.3 and 10.5).The rhizosphere soil pH of the plants with manganese poisoning in grape was 4.29-4.35(strongly acidic),and the effective Mn content was up to 159.8-178.2 mg·kg^-1.The Ca/Mn and Mg/Mn of soil were also very low,7.1 and 0.6,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of normal plants(180.2 and 13.3).The results showed that necrotic brown spotting on leaves,petioles and stems was the typical symptoms of Mn poisoning plant in Yuxi grape production,its blade high manganese uptake,the reason was that the low rhizosphere soil pH was strongly acidic,soil effective Mn content was exorbitant,exchangeable Ca and Mg content was too low,the Ca/Mn,Mg,Mn was low.It provided a reference for the selection of suitable soil and its pH regulation and the rational balance of fertilization in grape production.