光敏核不育水稻花药中Ca2+分布及其与花粉育性的相关性研究

 【目的】研究光敏核不育水稻花药发育过程中Ca2+分布与花粉败育的关系。【方法】采用焦锑酸钾沉淀法，研究光敏核不育水稻农垦58S和可育品种农垦58N花药发育过程中药隔、药壁和花粉细胞中Ca2+的分布变化。【结果】不育花药与可育花药中Ca2+分布有很多差异：（1）可育花粉细胞表面逐渐积累丰富的Ca2+沉淀，花粉壁发育完全，细胞质中Ca2+很少;而不育花粉细胞表面Ca2+较少，花粉壁形成异常，细胞质中积累丰富的Ca2+沉淀。（2）不育花药绒毡层提前启动解体，且解体过程十分缓慢;不育花药较可育花药提前形成乌氏体，但其表面无Ca2+沉淀直至单核晚期才有明显分布，且数量少于同期可育花药。总体上看，除乌氏体以外，不育花药各壁层细胞中的Ca2+沉淀多于可育花药。（3）花药发育过程中，药隔组织中的Ca2+沉淀逐渐增多，同期相比，不育花药多于可育花药。【结论】光敏核不育水稻绒毡层细胞提早解体及乌氏体功能异常，导致Ca2+向药室的运输发生障碍，致使花粉表面缺乏Ca2+而引起花粉外壁形成不正常;花粉发育后期细胞质内积累大量Ca2+是花粉败育的主要因素之一。

Calcium Distribution in Anther of Photo-sensitive Genic Male-Sterile Rice and Its Relationship with Pollen Fertility

【Objective】 This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between Ca2+ distribution in anther and pollen abortion of photo-sensitive genic male-sterile rice during the anther development. 【Method】 Potassium antimontate was adopted to observe the distribution of Ca2+ in parenchyma, anther wall and pollen of photo-sensitive genic male-sterile rice line Nongken 58S and fertile line Nongken 58N during their anther development. 【Result】 The results showed that there were many differences between sterile and fertile anthers. In the fertile pollen, the calcium precipitates gradually accumulated on its surface, but hardly distributed in pollen cytoplasm; pollen wall could form completely. Whereas, in the sterile pollen, the distribution of calcium granules was obviously fewer on its surface compared with fertile pollen, but more abundant in cytoplasm; moreover, the pollen formed an abnormal cell wall. The tapetal cells of sterile anther began to degenerate ahead of time and the progress of degeneration was very slow. The sterile anther formed ubish bodies earlier than fertile anther, but had no calcium granules on its surface until late microspore stage. Furthermore, the calcium granules on the surface of ubish bodies were obviously less than in fertile anther. In general, there were much more calcium granules in anther wall of sterile anther than in fertile anther, except ubish bodies. During the development of anther, the calcium precipitates in parechymatous cells increased gradually, but at the same developmental stages, the sterile anther had more calcium granules than fertile anther. 【Conclusion】 It is concluded that the premature degradation of the tapetal cell and the abnormal function of ubish bodies lead to the hindrance in transport of Ca2+ to locule, and cause the deficiency of Ca2+ on the surface of pollen subsequently, as a result, the exines can’t form normally. In addition, Ca2+ assembles in pollen cytoplasm abundantly at late microspore stage, this is one of the most important factors which lead to pollen abortion.