平菇菌糠饲料的营养价值与安全性评估分析

试验依据国家饲料卫生标准(GB13078—2001)中的检测方法对平菇不同生长阶段培养基的基质组分进行了检测和安全性评定。通过对平菇不同生长阶段培养基(以棉籽壳和玉米芯为主)基质组分的检测及对基质饲料价值的评定,结果发现,第4潮菌糠用作饲料营养价值较高且生产成本较低。此时粗蛋白质含量为10.10%,较初始培养基提高了59.31%,而粗纤维含量降低了29.57%,木质素、纤维素和半纤维素的降解率分别提高到63.62%、46.60%和77.06%;并依据国家饲料卫生标准要求对第4潮菌糠中的游离棉酚、黄曲霉毒素B₁和重金属含量等指标进行了检测,其中游离棉酚的含量仅为67.90 mg/kg,未测出黄曲霉毒素B₁的含量(＜10 μg/kg),铅、氟、铬、镉、汞的含量均符合国家饲料安全标准。因此,用第4潮菌糠制备反刍动物粗饲料可满足要求,切实可行。

The Nutritional Value and Safety Assessment Analysis on Spent Mushroom Substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus

According to the method of the national feed hygienic standards, the experiment detected and safetly evaluated the different growth stages of Pleurotus ostreatus medium matrix component.In order to evaluate the feed value of the Pleurotus ostreatus and realize reasonable utilization of spent mushroom substrate(SMS) resources by detecting on the nutrient components of spent mushroom substrate after different harvest times,we found that the fourth harvest of SMS used as feed had a higher nutrition value and lower production cost. The crude protein content was 10.10% at this moment. Compared with original substrate,the crude protein content was increased by 59.31%,crude fiber content was reduced by 29.57%,and the degradation rate of ligin, hemicellulose and cellulose were increased by 63.62%, 46.60% and 77.06%. Based on the national feed hygiene standards,the content of free gossypol, aflatoxin B₁ and heavy metal in SMS (the fourth harvest) were measured. The results showed that the free gossypol content was only 67.90 mg/kg,aflatoxin B₁ was not detected (＜10 μg/kg).And the content of lead,fluorine,chromium,cadmium and mercury all met the national feed hygiene standards. So it was feasible to use SMS(the fourth harvest) as a new non-conventional roughage resource for ruminants.