有机和常规生产施肥方式对棕壤微生物生物量和酶活性的影响

以棕壤为研究对象,设不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(F)、化肥与有机肥1∶3配施(F1M3)、化肥与有机肥3∶1配施(F3M1)、单施有机肥(M)共5个处理,探讨有机和常规生产施肥方式对土壤微生物量碳(SMBC)、微生物量氮(SMBN)、微生物量磷(SMBP)和土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、中性磷酸酶活性的影响。结果表明:与不施肥相比,施肥使SMBC/N有不同程度的降低,单施化肥使SMBC、SMBN、SMBP均有明显降低,脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性下降,中性磷酸酶活性升高;有机生产施肥方式能提高土壤微生物量含量,SMBC表现为单施有机肥>有机无机配施>单施化肥,SMBN和SMBP表现为F1M3>M>F3M1>F;有机肥对蔗糖酶活性影响不大,单施有机肥抑制中性磷酸酶活性;土壤蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、中性磷酸酶活性与微生物量碳氮磷有明显相关性。土壤微生物学指标可以有效区分单施化肥的常规生产和单施有机肥的有机生产,SMBC可响应有机生产过程中是否施用过化肥。

Effects of Organic and Conventional Fertilizing Methods on Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activity in Brunisolic Soil

In this paper,the effects of different fertilizer treatments on soil microbial biomass carbon(SMBC),nitrogen(SMBN),phosphorus(SMBP) and soil urease,catalase,invertase,neutral phosphatase activities in brunisolic soil were studied.Five treatments which were no fertilizer(CK),chemical fertilizer(F),chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer at ratios of 1∶3(F1M3) and 3∶1(F3M1),organic fertilizer(M) were laid out.The results were as follows: Compared to CK,the application of fertilizer decreased SMBC/N,the amount of SMBC,SMBN,SMBP and the activities of urease,catalase decreased for the application of chemical fertilizer only,but neutral phosphatase activity tended to increase.The effect of organic fertilizer on SMBC was higher than that of chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer only.For SMBN and SMNP,F1M3 >M >F3M1 >F.The effect of organic fertilizer on soil invertase activity was not apparent.The application of organic fertilizer only had inhibiting effect on phosphatase activity.Generally,soil catalase,invertase and neutral phosphatase activities were correlated with SMBC,SMBN,SMBP.Soil microbiology indicators could effectively distinguish the conventional production applied chemical fertilizer only and organic production applied organic fertilizer only.SMBC could be used to test whether there was application of chemical fertilizer in organic production.