山地果园套种绿肥对氮磷径流流失的影响

采用野外天然降雨条件下的小区试验研究山地新生果园套种黑麦草、紫云英和箭舌豌豆绿肥作物对氮磷径流流失的影响。结果表明,果园套种绿肥作物黑麦草、紫云英和箭舌豌豆能分别减少36.4%,33.9%和5.3%的径流水量流失,56.4%,55.2%和8.8%的泥沙流失,土壤保水能力增加,固土效果加强。地表径流和泥沙携带侵蚀是果园氮磷养分流失的主要途径,种植绿肥作物黑麦草、紫云英和箭舌豌豆能使总氮流失分别减少55.2%,49.3%和18.7%,总磷流失分别减少58.5%,55.6%和30.1%。山地果园套种绿肥可使氮磷流失量明显降低,有助于水体环境的保护,同时还增加土壤肥力,改善果实品质。

Effects of Green Manure Planting on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Runoff Losses in Mountainous Orchard

The effect of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff loss was studied in a new mountainous orchard by covering planting green manure experiment in natural rainfall condition.The results showed that,mountainous orchard by covering planting green manure ryegrass,Chinese milk vetch and spring vetch could decrease the water runoff loss by 36.4%,33.9% and 5.3%,respectively.The amount of soil erosion loss was also decreased by 56.4%,55.2% and 8.8%,respectively,through covering planting green manure ryegrass,Chinese milk vetch and spring vetch in the mountainous orchard.So covering planting green manure in the mountainous orchard was a good technology to protect the water resource in soil and control the soil erosion.The nitrogen and phosphorus in the runoff water and the sediments was the main formulas for soil nutrient loss in the mountainous orchard.The total nitrogen loss was decreased by 55.2%,49.3% and 18.7%,and phosphorus loss was decreased by 58.5%,55.6% and 30.1%,respectively,with covering planting green manure ryegrass,Chinese milk vetch and spring vetch in the mountainous orchard.The new mountainous orchard covering planting green manure was a good way to decrease the nutrient runoff loss and protect the water-body environment,at the same time it was beneficial for increasing the soil fertility and improving the fruit quality.