不同施肥对雷竹林土壤氮、磷渗漏流失的影响

于2009年利用土壤渗漏水收集器在浙江省临安市的雷竹林中进行雷竹林氮、磷渗漏淋失特征的田间试验,以比较不同施肥处理对雷竹林土壤氮、磷渗漏流失的影响。结果表明:土壤渗漏水量与降雨量呈显著正相关(p<0.05)。土壤渗漏水中全氮(TN)和全磷(TP)的浓度均随施肥量增大而增加。不同施肥处理渗漏水中TN和TP的平均浓度分别为19.7～50.9mg/L和1.2～2.5mg/L。硝态氮(NO3--N)是渗漏水中TN的主要形态,占TN的75.7%～83.6%。整个试验期间,各施肥处理雷竹林氮和磷的累计淋失负荷分别为53.0～149.2kg/hm2和3.0～5.8kg/hm2。不同施肥处理雷竹林土壤渗漏水中氮、磷渗漏淋失负荷递减次序为常规施肥>缓释肥>专用复合肥>微生物肥>对照。与常规施肥处理相比,低量施肥量的专用复合肥、缓释肥和微生物肥处理的氮渗漏流失负荷分别减少31.8%,17.6%,41.2%,而磷渗漏流失负荷分别减少29.4%,12.9%,40.4%。

Effects of Different Fertilization on Seepage Loses of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in the Soil Under Phyllostacys praecox Stand

A field experiment was conducted on a Phyllostachys praecox stand of Lin’an county,Zhejiang province in 2009 to compare the effects of different fertilization on seepage loses of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil under Phyllostacys praecox stand.The results showed that there was a positive correlation(p<0.05) between seepage water amounts under Phyllostachys praecox stands and precipitation amounts.The concentrations of total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP)in the seepage water in the soils with different fertilization were increased with increasing chemical fertilizer rates.Average concentrations of TN and TP in the seepage water in the soils with different treatments were 19.7～50.9 mg/L and 1.2～2.5 mg/L.NO-3-N was a main form of TN in the seepage water and accounted for 75.7%～83.6% of TN.The accumulative leaching loads of N and P by the seepage water with different treatments throughout the experimental period were 53.0～149.2 kg/hm2 and 3.0～5.8 kg/hm2,respectively.Leaching loads of N and P from the seepage water decreased in the order: Conventional fertilization >controlled-release fertilizer >special compound fertilizer >microbial fertilizer >control.Compared to the conventional fertilization treatment with high chemical fertilizers,application of special compound fertilizer,controlled-release fertilizer,and microbial fertilizer decreased leaching loads of N and P by 31.8%,17.6%,41.2% and 29.4%,12.9%,40.4%,respectively.