岷江上游干旱河谷旱地土壤斥水性特征初步研究

土壤斥水性是土壤颗粒不易被水滴浸润的现象,对土壤水分特征曲线、土壤溶质运移、土壤优先流、土壤导水率以及地表径流和土壤侵蚀等具有重要影响。研究结果表明,3月份岷江上游干旱河谷0-5cm土层具斥水性的土壤在空间上的分布概率约为34%,其中强度斥水性土壤分布比例为5%;在时间分布上,土壤斥水性主要表现在7月,轻度以下斥水性概率为91%,强度以上斥水性概率为58%;从各粒级土壤斥水性的研究结果来看,斥水性与土壤粒级呈显著负相关,粒级越小,土壤斥水性越高。因此,岷江上游干旱河谷旱地土壤斥水性具有明显的时空分布差异,并且粒级越小土壤斥水性越强,7月份土壤表层的土壤斥水性强度与分布比例高。这可能是导致干旱河谷严重水土流失、土壤砂砾化的一个重要原因。

Preliminary Study on the Characteristics of Soil Repellency in the Dry Valley of Minjiang River

Soil water repellency is a widespread hydrologic phenomenon in different soils all over the world,and its implications encompass hysteresis of the water retention curve,unstable wetting fronts with fingered flow,reduced infiltration capacity as compared to wettable soils,and accelerated hillslope runoff and erosion.The results show that probability of 0-5 cm layer of soil with slight and strong repellency is about 34% in total,of which soil with strong water repellency is 5% in the dry valley of Minjiang River in March.In July,the probability of soil with slight and strong repellency is 91%,in which 58% is strong water repellent soil.The results also show that soil water repellency is significantly negatively related to the ratio of soil particle size.It can be concluded that there are apparently temporal and spatial variability for soil water repellency and water repellent soil distribution in the dry valley of Minjiang River.A higher ratio of strong soil water repellency exhibits in July of monsoon in topsoil,and in soil with higher proportion of fine fraction,which may be one of the important potential causes for serious soil erosion and degradation in the dry valley.