福建沿岸海域鲱形目鱼类资源评析

为了阐明福建沿岸海域鲱形目鱼类的资源现状,为保护和合理开发利用福建沿岸海域的鲱形目鱼类资源提供参考,分析了2006～2007年福建沿岸海域4个航次底拖网调查的渔获物中鲱形目鱼类的种类组成和渔获量。结果表明:4个航次共捕获鲱形目鱼类18种;鲱形目鱼类占所有鱼类总渔获量的比例平均为16.91%;鲱形目鱼类的平均资源密度和平均个体密度分别为87.19 kg.km-2和7 457.2 ind.km-2。在各种鲱形目鱼类中,赤鼻棱鳀(Thrissa kammalensis)的资源密度和个体密度最大,黄鲫(Setipinna taty)的资源密度占第二位,凤鲚(Coilia mystus)的个体密度占第二位;赤鼻棱鳀和黄鲫为鱼类优势种。与近20年前的调查资料相比较,鲱形目鱼类的资源量明显下降。

Resource assessment of Clupeiformes fishes in Fujian coastal waters

In order to clarify the status of the resource of Clupeiformes fishes in Fujian coastal waters and provide information for resource utilization and protection,the species composition and quantity of Clupeiformes fishes from bottom trawl surveys in Fujian coastal waters during 2006 and 2007 were analyzed.The results showed that 2 families,8 genera,18 species of Clupeiformes fishes were caught in four voyages,occupied 8.96 % of all caught fishes.8,15,9 and 17 species were caught in eastern Fujian coastal waters,Minjiang estuary and its neighboring waters,middle Fujian coastal waters,and Xiamen coastal waters,respectively.Sardinella zunasi,Ilisha elongate,Stolephorus commersonii,Thrissa kammalensis,T.vitirostris,Setipinna taty and Coilia mystus were caught in all 4 coastal waters,but Sardinella nymphaea and Coilia grayii only caught in Xiamen coastal waters,and Engraulis japonicus only in Minjiang estuary and its neighboring waters.Appearing frequency of each Clupeiformes species was different,with the higest 54.17% for S.taty.12,15,13 and 11 species were caught in spring,summer,autumn and winter,respectively.The average percentage of capture production of Clupeiformes fishes to total fishes was 16.91%.The lowest percentage of capture production of Clupeiformes fishes to total fishes was 0.22% in eastern Fujian coastal waters in autumn and the highest was 34.95% in Minjiang estuary and its neighboring waters in spring.The average resource density of Clupeiformes fishes in different seasons ranged from 39.24 kg·km-2 to 162.11 kg·km-2,the average was 87.19 kg·km-2,with the highest in autumn and the lowest in winter.The average individual density of Clupeiformes fishes ranged from 4 306.7 ind·km-2 to 13 907.5 ind·km-2,the average was 7 457.2 ind·km-2,with the highest in autumn and the lowest in winter.The average resource density of Clupeiformes fishes was 4.46 kg·km-2,134.36 kg·km-2,50.73 kg·km-2 and 45.58 kg·km-2 in eastern Fujian coastal waters,Minjiang estuary and its neighboring waters,middle Fujian coastal waters and Xiamen coastal waters,respectively;while the average individual density of Clupeiformes fishes was 349.5 ind·km-2,11 420.4 ind·km-2,4 070.5 ind·km-2 and 4 145.3 ind·km-2 in eastern Fujian coastal waters,Minjiang estuary and its neighboring waters,middle Fujian coastal waters and Xiamen coastal waters,respectively.The average resource density and individual density of T.kammalensis was the highest among Clupeiformes fishes,which was 27.24 kg·km-2 and 3 035.33 ind·km-2,respectively;while S.taty was the second in resource density and C.mystus was the second in individual density,which was 23.97 kg·km-2 and 1 550.13 ind·km-2,respectively.According to IRI,T.kammalensis and S.taty were the dominant fish in Fujian coastal waters.Compared to the survey data about 20 years ago,the resource of Clupeiformes fishes in Fujian coastal waters is decreasing obviously,so effective measures must be taken to avoid the increasing capture intensity for sustainable utilization.