平衡施肥对白浆土水稻产量及品质的影响

通过土壤测试、田间试验和品质分析,明确了三江平原桦川县创业乡丰年村白浆土养分供应状况和水稻平衡施肥效果。结果显示,该土壤98.4%缺氮,76.6%缺磷,97.7%缺钾,72.7%缺锌,35.9%缺硼。与最佳处理(OPT)相比,不施氮肥减产26.2%,不施磷肥减产12.1%,不施钾肥减产10.3%,不施锌肥减产24.2%,不施肥(CK)减产39.9%。与OPT处理相比,不施氮肥、磷肥、钾肥、锌肥、硼肥和CK的经济效益分别降低3936、1774、1527、4070、886和5643元/hm2。平衡施肥(OPT)与农民习惯施肥(FP)相比增产20.3%,经济效益增加3283元/hm2,粗蛋白含量增加0.13个百分点,直链淀粉含量降低0.84个百分点,胶稠度增加1.7 mm,对改善稻米品质有积极作用。

Effect of balanced fertilization on rice yield and quality in albic soil

This paper made clear that the status of albic soil nutrition supplying and the effect of balanced fertilization on rice in the soil by means of soil testing,field experiment and quality analysis.The results showed that 98.4 percent of the soil was deficient in nitrogen;76.6 percent was deficient in phosphorus;97.7 percent was deficient in potassium;72.7 percent was deficient in zinc and 35.9 percent was deficient in boron.Without nitrogen fertilizer application compared with the optimum treatment(OPT) the yield of rice decreased by 26.2%;without phosphorus fertilizer application the yield decreased by 12.1%;without potassium fertilizer application the yield decreased by 10.3%;without zinc fertilizer application the yield decreased by 24.2%;no fertilizer application(CK)the yield decreased by 39.9%.Compared the treatment of OPT with the treatments of nitrogen absent,phosphorous absent,potassium absent,zinc absent,boron absent and CK,the benefits were decreased by 3936,1815,1527,4071,887 and 5683 yuan/hm2,respectively.Compared OPT with the farmers' practice(FP),the yield increased by 20.3%,the economic benefits was increased by 3294 yuan/hm2,the coarse protein content in rice increased by 0.13 percentage,the content of amylase in rice was decreased by 0.84 percentage,the gel consistency in rice was increased by 1.7 mm and those changing indexes were positive to improve rice quality.