生物炭老化及其对重金属吸附固定的影响研究进展

生物炭是生物质在限氧条件下通过高温热解得到的富碳固体，其丰富的含氧官能团、较大的比表面积、高度的芳香性结构等特性，使得生物炭对重金属具有很好的固定作用，因此，生物炭在重金属污染土壤的修复方面具有良好的前景。目前关于生物炭的研究大多集中在新制备的生物炭对重金属污染土壤的短期修复，但生物炭进入土壤后，随着时间的推移，会受到各种地球自然力的作用，逐渐发生老化，老化过程会对生物炭的物理化学性质和吸附性能产生不可忽视的影响。本文系统性地综述了国内外生物炭老化方法以及老化处理对生物炭理化性质、重金属吸附性能和生物有效性的影响等方面的研究进展，阐明当前生物炭老化研究现状，并对未来生物炭老化研究的发展方向提出建议，以期为重金属污染土壤的长期修复提供理论支撑。

Research progress in biochar aging and its effect on the adsorption and fixation of heavy metals

Biochar is a carbon-rich solid obtained by the high-temperature pyrolysis of biomass under oxygen-limited conditions. Its abundant oxygen-containing functional groups, large specific surface area, highly aromatic structure, and other properties make biochar a good agent for heavy metal fixation, and therefore, biochar has great potential for use in the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils. Most current research on biochar focuses on short-term remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil using newly prepared biochar. However, after entering the soil, biochar is gradually aged by various natural earth forces over time, and the aging process has a non-negligible effect on the physicochemical properties and adsorption performance of biochar. This article systematically reviews the progress in biochar aging methods and the effects of aging treatment on the physicochemical properties, heavy metal adsorption performance, and bioeffectiveness of biochar in China and abroad; clarifies the current status of biochar aging research; and suggests directions for future biochar aging research, with the objective of providing effective theoretical support for the long-term remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil.