抛送辊式百合收获机的设计与试验

为了解决黏重土壤条件下百合收获时果土分离效果差、埋果率高、破碎率高的问题，设计了一种适合黏重土壤条件下作业的抛送辊式百合收获机。结合百合生长状况以及种植农艺要求，对果土混合物在振动输送装置、抛送辊组上的运动过程及分离作业机理进行分析，构建了黏重土块在抛送辊上抛掷碎土、碰撞碎土的动力学模型，通过分析得到了振动输送装置结构及最大摆动角度、抛送辊组级数、抛送辊轮齿数、抛送辊轮直径及轮廓尺寸等参数。根据设计结果搭建了样机并进行了作业参数的多因素试验，以果土分离机构前进速度、抛送辊转速、挖掘深度为试验因素，百合埋果率、破碎率为试验指标，运用Box-Benhnken试验方法，建立因素与试验指标的回归方程，并得到因素对百合收获指标的影响规律。当试验取最优参数组合为果土分离机构前进速度为0.6 m/s，抛送辊转速为90 r/min、挖掘深度为170 mm时，百合埋果率、百合破碎率的田间试验值分别为6.3%和7.1%。机具各项性能符合设计要求，该研究成果可为百合机械化收获技术及装备研究提供参考。

Design and test of a throwing roller type lily bulb harvester

Lily bulb is an underground tuber crop, which is mainly grown in southern China. At present, lily bulb harvesting mainly adopts manual excavation, resulting in low labor efficiency. Coupled with the high soil viscosity in lily bulb planting area, there are some problems in lily bulb mechanized harvesting, such as difficulty in fruit-soil separation and high damage rate of lily bulb. In order to solve the problems of poor separation effect, high rate of buried fruit and high crushing rate during lily bulb harvest in sticky soil, a kind of throwing roller lily bulb harvester suitable for operation in sticky soil was designed. The throwing roller lily bulb harvester is composed of vibration conveying device, throwing roller set, excavating shovel and other parts. It has the functions of vibrating crushing soil, throwing crushing soil and material conveying. It can effectively realize the secondary crushing of clay soil, and the separation effect of fruit-soil is good and does not hurt lily bulb, which is very suitable for the mechanical harvesting of lily bulb under the condition of clay soil. Combined with the growth condition of lily bulb and the requirements of planting agriculture, the motion process and separation mechanism of fruit and soil mixture on the vibration conveying device and the throwing roller set were analyzed, the dynamic model of throwing and colliding crushed soil on the throwing roller was established, and the relationship between the structure size of the throwing roller and the crushing of the clay-heavy soil block was established. Through the analysis, the structure and maximum swing Angle of the vibration conveying device, the series of throwing roll sets, the number of throwing roll teeth, the diameter of throwing roll and the contour size and other parameters were obtained. Through theoretical analysis and calculation, the structural parameters of vibration conveying device and throwing roller set of key components were determined. The length of vibration grating rod of vibration conveying device was 150mm, the distance between vibration grating rod was 50 mm, and the swing Angle of vibration grating rod was 59.12°. The number of teeth of the throwing roller wheel was 4 teeth. The radius of the throwing roller wheel was 250 mm. The spacing of the throwing roller wheel was 50 mm. According to the designed structural parameters, a prototype was built and the multi-factor test of operation parameters was carried out. The forward speed of the fruit-soil separation mechanism, the rotation speed of the throwing roller and the digging depth were taken as the test factors, and the embedding rate and crushing rate of lily bulb were taken as the test indicators. Box-Benhnken test method was used to establish the regression equation of factors and test indicators and the influence law of factors on lily bulb harvest index was obtained. When the optimum parameter combination was 0.6 m/s, 90 r/min and 170 mm, the field test values of the rate of buried fruit and the rate of broken lily bulb were 6.3% and 7.1%, respectively. The performance of the machine met the design requirements. The research results can provide reference for the research of mechanization harvesting technology and equipment of lily bulb.