不同土壤类型前茬作物对烤烟化学成分和品质的影响

研究了云南省陆良县红壤和水稻土前茬作物(小麦、蚕豆、绿肥、油菜)对烤烟主要化学成分和评吸质量的影响。结果表明:在水稻土条件下,相较休耕处理,前作为小麦和蚕豆时,烤烟总糖、还原糖含量适中,总氮、烟碱含量显著降低,以小麦为前作时,总氮含量仅为1.5%,烟碱含量低于2%,烤烟的感官质量评析以前作小麦和油菜最优,香气质较好,杂气少,香气风格得分均达到5,清香风格明显;在红壤条件下,以绿肥为前作时,烤烟化学成分最优,烤烟钾含量达2%以上,高于其他前作处理,烟碱含量仅为1.81%,低于以小麦、蚕豆、油菜为前作的处理,烟叶的评吸质量也以绿肥为前作时最优,烤后烟叶香气量足、燃烧性好、清香风格最明显。水稻土条件下前作为小麦,红壤条件下前作为绿肥较为适宜。

Effect of different preceding crops and soil types on quality of flue-cured tobacco

The effect of different preceding crops on main chemical composition and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied with two different soil types (red soil and paddy soil with preceding crops as wheat, horse bean, green manure and rape) in Luliang, Yunnan. The results showed that under paddy soil condition, when the preceding crop was wheat or horsebean, the content of total sugar and reducing sugar of flue-cured tobacco was moderate and the content of total nitrogen and nicotine was significantly lowered compared to the idle land; with wheat as preceding crop, the content of total nitrogen was only 1.5%, and the nicotine content is lower than 2%; sensory quality evaluation of flue-cured tobacco with wheat and rape as preceding crop was the best, the fragrance was good with little other smell, the aroma style was significant which scored 5. Under red soil condition, when the preceding crop was green manure, chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco was the best; the content of potassium was above 2%, which is high compared to other treatments, nicotine content was only 1.81%, which is low compared to the treatment with wheat, beans and rape as preceding crop; sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco with green manure as preceding crop was also the best, the fragrance of flue-cured tobacco leaves was sufficient with good combustibility and significant aroma style. In conclusion, paddy soil with wheat as preceding crop and red soil with green manure as the preceding crop were beneficial to the improvement of the quality of flue-cured tobacco.