栽培稻抗旱性研究的现状与策略

 水资源短缺正成为制约我国农业发展的重要因素。培育抗旱的栽培稻品种并实现水稻旱作，不但可在很大程度上节约水资源，而且有利于增产稳产，节约能源和减少环境污染。抗旱性包括逃旱性、避旱性、耐旱性和复原抗旱性。形态生理学的研究揭示出大量的与栽培稻抗旱性有关的形态特征和生理特性，如根系和叶片性状、生育期、渗透调节、脱落酸含量与栽培稻抗旱性密切相关，且已利用分子标记对上述性状进行了基因定位（QTL）研究。旱稻品种改良也已取得重大进展。在进行抗旱品种改良的基础上，通过引进相应的栽培技术，节水种植，实现水稻旱作，并达到稳产与增产的目的，是抗旱性研究的战略目标。在增产、稳产和优质的前提下，以培育耐旱性极强的水稻（或旱稻）为中心，建立有代表性的抗旱性研究基地, 进一步加强稻属抗旱基因资源的发掘和创新、抗旱生理学和遗传学的研究、利用现代生物技术实现不同物种间抗旱基因的转移、建立节水种植栽培技术新体系是目前抗旱性研究的主要内容。

The Status and Strategy on Drought Resistance of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The shortage of water resources has become the crisis faced by the world. Water is becoming a restricted factor of agricultural development. Developing drought resistance rice varieties and cultivating rice in limited water condition not only saving water in a large degree but also increasing and stabilizing yield, economizing energy and minimizing environment pollution. Drought resistance includes drought escape, dehydration avoidance, drought tolerance and drought recovery. The morphological and physiological studies have opened out a lot of rice traits related with drought resistance. The root and leaf characters, growth duration, osmotic adjustment and ABA content were relative closely with drought resistance of rice. Recently, mapping drought resistance gene (QTLs) using molecular markers was conducted. The great progress has been achieved in variety improvement. The strategy of drought resistance studies is developing drought resistance variety and introducing appropriate cultivation technology to increase rice yield as well as save water resources. Focusing on breeding drought resistance rice varieties in rainfed lowland and high yield upland rice, the major objectives are: 1) establishing representative base for drought resistance research; 2) screening and improving drought resistance germplasm; 3) conducting drought physiology and genetics studies; 4) transforming drought resistance gene to rice; 5) setting up water limited cultivation technology.