可变电荷与恒电荷稻田土壤硝态氮和铵态氮淋失规律

A variable-charge (VC) and a permanent-charge paddy soil (PC) were selected to study nitrate (NO3--N) and ammonium (NH4+-N) leaching with N isotopes for one consecutive year. An irrigation and intermittent drainage pattern was adopted to mimic natural occurrence of rainfall during the upland crop season and drainage management during the flooded rice season. Treatments to each soil type were no-N controls (CK), 15N-labeled (NH4)2SO4 (NS) and milk vetch (NV) applied at a rate equivalent to 238 kg N ha–1 to unplanted lysimeters, totaling six treatments replicated in triplicates. Results indicated that the soil type dominated N leaching characteristics. In the case of PC, NO3--N accounted for 78% of the total leached inorganic N; NS was prone to leach three times more than the NV, being 8.2% and 2.4% of added 15N respectively; and > 85% of leached NO3--N came from native N in the soil. In the case of VC, NH4+-N made up to 92% of the total inorganic N in leachate. Moreover, NH4+-N leaching was detected throughout the whole incubation, and was particularly high during the flooded season. NO3--N leaching in VC occurred later at a lower rate compared to that in PC. The findings of this study indicate that NO3--N leaching during the drained season in permanent-charge paddy soils and NH4+-N leaching in variable-charge soils deserve more attention for regional environmental control.

Nitrate and ammonium leaching in variable- and permanent-charge paddy soils

A variable-charge (VC) and a permanent-charge paddy soil (PC) were selected to study nitrate-N (NO_3~--N) and ammonium-N (NH_4~+-N) leaching with N isotopes for one consecutive year. An irrigation and intermittent drainage pattern was adopted to mimic natural occurrence of rainfall during the upland crop season and drainage management during the flooded rice season. Treatments to each soil type were no-N controls (CK), ~(15)N-labeled (NH_4)_2SO_4 (NS), and milk vetch (NV) applied at a rate equivalent to 238 kg N ha~(-1) to implanted lysimeters, totaling six treatmnts in triplicates. Results indicated that the soil type dominated N leaching characteristics. In the case of PC, NO_3~--N accounted for 78% of the total leached inorganic N; NS was prone to leach three times more than the NV, being 8.2% and 2.4% of added ~(15)N respectively; and > 85% of leached NO_3~--N came from native N in the soil. In the case of VC, NH_4~+-N made up to 92% of the total inorganic N in leachate. Moreover, NH_4~+-N leaching was detected throughout the whole incubation, and was particularly high during the flooded season. NO_3~--N leaching in VC occurred later at a lower rate compared to that in PC. The findings of this study indicate that NO_3~--N leaching during the drained season in permanent-charge paddy soils and NH_4~+-N leaching in variable-charge soils deserve more attention for regional environmental control.