高油和普通玉米自交系类胡萝卜素和生育酚含量的比较分析

建立了利用高效液相色谱法同时测定玉米籽粒类胡萝卜素和生育酚各组分含量的技术体系，分析了112份黄色胚乳玉米自交系的类胡萝卜素和生育酚含量，其中包括32份高油自交系和80份在生产上广泛应用的普通玉米自交系。结果表明，不同自交系间存在广泛的变异，各组分含量变幅最大的是α-生育酚，含量相差达162倍；变幅最小的是δ-生育酚，含量相差也接近4倍。类胡萝卜素各组分含量在高油和普通玉米自交系之间并没有显著差异，但普通玉米的变异范围更为广泛；高油玉米生育酚各组分含量显著高于普通玉米，其中γ-生育酚、α-生育酚和总生育酚含量的均值分别是普通玉米均值的2.4、2.5和2.4倍。尽管供试的高油玉米材料仅32份，但其生育酚的某些组分比普通玉米具有更广泛的遗传变异。这为进一步的玉米高油、高维生素A原、高维生素E，即“三高”品质成分育种提供了有益参考。

Comparative Analysis of Carotenoid and Tocopherol Compositions in High-Oil and Normal Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbreds

Among staple crops, maize has a high amount of carotenoids and tocopherols, which have a number of beneficial ef-fects on human health. The former is the main dietary precursor of vitamin A. The latter is an essential macronutrient which acta as antioxidant shows the benefit in the prevention of certain types of diseases for human. In this study, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed and used for simultaneously measuring the contents of carotenoids and tocopherols in maize grain for 112 yellow-endosperm inbred lines, including 32 high-oil lines and 80 normal lines widely used in Chinese breeding programs. Broad phenotypic diversity was observed for all measured traits. Among the eight components analyzed, α-tocopherol showed the largest variation with 162 times content difference while δ-tocopherol showed the smallest variation with four times content difference. The tocopherol content in high-oil maize lines was significantly higher than that in normal lines. However, the carotenoids content in high-oil lines showed no significant differences from that in normal lines, which had wider phenotypic variations. The mean values of γ-tocopherol, α-tocopherol, and total tocopherol contents in high-oil lines were 2.4, 2.5, and 2.4 times higher than those in normal lines. Compared with normal lines, the high-oil lines contained broader genetic varia-tions for some tocopherols though the number of high-oil lines (32) was far smaller than that of normal lines (80). All the present results provided some beneficial informations for future breeding at the target of three-high nutritional maize: high-oil, high provitarnin A, and high vitamin E.