拉市海越冬末期斑头雁行为的初步研究

2004年2月18日～3月14对在拉市海越冬斑头雁的行为进行了研究，采用瞬时扫描方法进行行为取样，并对其在越冬地的行为进行观察记录。结果表明：斑头雁通常是早上7：30后飞离夜栖地，傍晚19：30以后从主要活动地飞回夜栖地。观察后期(3月7～13日)与观察前期(2月18～25日)相比，其飞离夜栖地的时间提前约20分钟，而从觅食地飞回夜栖地的时间则要晚10～25分钟。斑头雁无论取食还是夜栖，都喜集群，通常还有其他鸟类与斑头雁混群，如赤麻鸭等。3月初，有部分斑头雁开始北迁，大部分北迁是在3月中旬。越冬末期斑头雁行为时间的分配率为取食35．01％、静栖34．95％、警戒13．88％、运动8．35％、理羽6．77％、饮水0．63％、社群行为0．41％，所占比例依次减少。经对斑头雁在陆地和水域生境中的行为样本分别进行计算，表明斑头雁在这两种生境中有不同的行为时间分配模式。在陆地里，斑头雁的主要行为是取食(约占47％)，而在水域中，斑头雁的主要行为是静栖(约占46％)，表明斑头雁的食物主要是从陆地中获取。在一天中，斑头雁的不同行为出现的高峰时间不同，取食高峰时间和警戒高峰时间在早上9：00至10：00和傍晚17：30～19：15；静栖高峰时间在14：00～17：00；运动高峰时间在10：30～12：30；理羽高峰时间在14：30～17：00。

Study of Anser indicus Behavior in Late Winter of Lashi Lake

From Feb.18, 2004 to Mar.14, 2004, using the method of instantaneous scanning, the behavior of Anser indicus living through winter at Lashi lake was recorded and studied. The results showed that Anser indicus usually flied away from the roosting area at 7:30 am, and came back from the main activity area at 7:30 pm. Compared with the early observing stage(Feb.18 to 25), the Anser indicus left the roosting area around 20 minutes earlier and came back 10 to 25 minutes later at the late stage of observing(Mar.7 to 13).Anser indicus like group behavior either in foraging or in roosting, and commonly lived with other birds such as Tadorna ferruginea. Anser indicus immigration to the north began at the early days of March, most immigration occurred in middle March. The time arrangement of different activities of Anser indicus in late winter were as follows, 35.01 % of foraging, 34.95 % of resting, 13.88 % of vigilance, 8.35 % of moving, 6.77 % of feather maintenance, 0.63 % of drinking and (0.41 %) of social activities. The research results also showed that the time arrangement of Anser indicus inhabited in continent was different from those inhabited in water environment. The main behavior of Anser indicus lived in continent was foraging with 47 % of time, while that of the Anser indicus lived in water environment was resting with 46 % of time. This verified that Anser indicus mainly got their food from land. Within a day, Anser indicus had different peek time for different behaviors, 9:00 am to 10:00 am and 5:30 pm to 7:15 pm was the peek time for foraging and vigilance, the peek time for resting, moving and feather maintenance were 2:00 pm to 5:00 pm, 10:30 am to 12:30 pm and 2:30 pm to 5:00 pm respectively.