The effects of herbaceous and woody competition on planted white pine in a clearcut site |
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Authors: | Douglas G. Pitt,André e Morneault,William C. Parker,Al Stinson,Len Lanteigne |
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Affiliation: | 1. Canadian Wood Fibre Centre, Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen St. E., Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada P6A 2E5;2. Southcentral Science and Information Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, 3301 Trout Lake Rd., North Bay, ON, Canada P1A 4L7;3. Ontario Forest Research Institute, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, 1235 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada P6A 2E5;4. Canadian Ecology Centre - Forestry Research Partnership, 6905 Hwy 17 W, Mattawa, ON, Canada P0H 1V0;5. Canadian Wood Fibre Centre, Canadian Forest Service, P.O. Box 4000, Fredericton, NB, Canada E3B 5P7 |
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Abstract: | We investigated the effects of herbaceous and woody vegetation control on the survival and growth of planted eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) seedlings through six growing seasons. Herbaceous vegetation control involved the suppression of grasses, forbs, ferns, and low-shrubs, and was maintained for 0, 2, or 4 years after white pine seedlings were planted. Woody control involved the removal of all tall-shrub and deciduous trees, and was conducted at the time of planting, at the end of the second or fifth growing seasons, or not at all. Seedling height and basal diameter responded positively and proportionally to duration of herbaceous vegetation control. Gains associated with woody control were generally not significant unless some degree of herbaceous vegetation control was also conducted. Only herbaceous control increased pine crown closure and rate of crown closure. Herbaceous control and the presence of 5000–15,000 stems per ha of young overtopping aspen were associated with reduced weevil (Pissodes strobi Peck.) injury and increased pine height growth. The study suggests that white pine restoration strategies on clearcut sites should focus on the proactive, early management of understory vegetation and the gradual reduction of overtopping cover from woody vegetation to create a seedling light environment that supports acceptable growth with minimal weevil damage. |
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Keywords: | Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) Trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) White pine weevil (Pissodes strobi Peck.) Competition Vegetation management Silviculture |
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