外泌体对哺乳动物妊娠的调控作用

外泌体（exosome）广泛存在于各种体液中,其内部包含蛋白质、脂质、mRNA和miRNA等在细胞间进行物质和信息传递的多种生物活性成分,参与调节机体多种生理过程。近年来,研究学者相继发现子宫液、输卵管液、胎盘中也存在外泌体,且证明其可能参与配子发生、受精、胎盘发生、胚胎着床及胎儿发育等生殖过程,进一步加深了人们对哺乳动物妊娠过程的认识,为一些重要的生殖调控机理研究提供了新的思路。因此,本文主要阐述了外泌体的发现、外泌体在哺乳动物妊娠中的作用以及与妊娠疾病关系的最新进展,为进一步揭示外泌体在哺乳动物妊娠中的调控作用提供参考。

The Regulation Role of Exosomes in Mammalian Pregnancy

Exosomes widely exist in various body fluids, which including a variety of bioactive substances such as proteins, lipids, mRNA and miRNA. As one kind of mediator, it transmits signals between cells, and it is associated with many kinds of physiological process. Recently, exosomes were found in uterine fluid, fallopian tube fluid and placenta, which showed that exosomes might take part in regulating gametogenesis, fertilization, placenta, embryo implantation and fetal development. Through the study of exosomes, many valuable results were obtained, which increased people's understanding for the process of mammalian pregnancy, and provided new ideas for the research of reproductive regulation mechanisms. Therefore, this review describes the development of exosomes, their role in mammalian pregnancy and the relationship between exosomes and pregnancy diseases, which will provide a reference for further revealing the regulatory role of exosomes in mammalian pregnancy.