牛主要抗病候选基因的研究进展

牛抗病基因与其自身的抗病性和免疫能力有一定的相关性，因此研究相关抗病基因对提高牛自身免疫能力和选育优良后代有重要意义，文章着重介绍了国内外关于天然抗性相关巨噬细胞蛋白1（natual resistant macrophage protein 1，Nramp1）、主要组织相容性复合物（major histocompatibility complex，MHC）、甘露糖结合凝集素（maflnan binding lectin，MBL）、Toll样受体（Toll-like receptors，TLR）及干扰素基因（interferon，IFN）与牛某些疾病相关性的研究进展，及其是否可用于后代育种的分子标记，如MHC与奶牛的乳房炎密切相关；牛TLR4基因的外显子1760 C>T突变中的CC基因型可作为奶牛乳房炎抗性筛选中的分子标记等。笔者认为研究这些抗病基因可更深层次了解牛的抗病机制，同时借助先进的技术手段如分子标记、基因工程等，可更好的选育出抗病后代，抗病基因在育种中的应用将是未来研究抗病性和免疫能力的主要方向。

Research Progress of Major Disease Resistance Candidate Genes in Cattle

In this paper,the research progress of immune-related partial resistance genes (MHC,Nramp1,MBL,TLR and IFN) in cattle at home and abroad are briefly reviewed.Because of the relationship between the disease resistance genes of cattle and their own disease resistance and immunity,it is very meaningful to study the related resistance genes to improve the autoimmunity of cattle and to breed the fine offspring.This article focuses on the domestic and foreign study progress on the candidate resistance genes (Nramp 1,MHC,MBL,TLR and IFN) to certain diseases in cattle and whether it can be used for future generations of breeding molecular markers,such as MHC is closely related to dairy cow's mastitis;The CC genotype in the 1760 C>T mutation of TLR4 gene in cattle can be used as a molecular marker in the screening of resistance to mastitis in dairy cows.We believe that the study of these disease-resistance genes can give us a deeper understanding of the disease-resistant mechanism.At the same time, advanced techniques such as molecular markers and genetic engineering can be used to breed disease-resistant offspring,and the application of anti-disease genes in breeding will be the main direction of studying disease resistance and immunity in the future.