2017年国内外家兔遗传育种研究进展

作者对2017年国内外家兔遗传育种（传统育种、分子育种、繁殖技术）相关的研究进展进行了综述，发现国内外研究侧重不同，且与往年相比存在明显变化。国内传统育种主要包括品种选育和性状评定两方面研究，并取得了良好的进展；在分子育种领域做了较多的研究，主要涉及性状包括生长、肉质、皮毛、繁殖、抗病性能等，并筛选了与目标性状相关联的功能性基因和分子标记；繁殖技术研究少而散，包括人工授精、配种季节和光控管理等环境效应对家兔健康和生产力影响的研究。国外传统育种包括性状遗传评估、遗传与环境互作、评估方法等，在改进生长性能和肉质方面得到了提升；分子育种主要涉及生长、肉质、抗病及繁殖等性状，也进行了分子标记筛选与研究，但在皮毛性状方面研究相对欠缺；繁殖技术主要包括环境和添加物对家兔繁殖、精液冷冻等方面的影响研究，也取得了良好进展。本综述可为后期家兔育种研究和生产提供参考。

Research Progresses on Genetics and Breeding of Domestic and International Rabbit in 2017

The author performed a review on relative studies of rabbit genetics and breeding including traditional breeding,molecular breeding and reproductive techniques in 2017,the points of domestic and international studies were different when compared to previous years.In China,studies of traditional breeding mainly included breed selection and trait evaluation,and had made good progresses.In addition,more studies including growth,meat quality,fur,reproduction and disease resistance were found in molecular breeding,which selected and filtered relative genes and molecular markers related to targeted traits.There were few and scattered reproductive technology studies mainly related to artificial insemination and environmental effect including mating season and light-controlled administration which influenced the health and productivity of rabbit.Compared with domestic studies,similar studies including genetic evaluation of traits,interaction between heredity and environment,and evaluation methods were shown in foreign researches,receiving boosts in improving growth performance and meat quality.Studies of molecular breeding mainly related to performances on growth,meat quality,disease resistance and reproduction,which also filtered and researched molecular makers but insufficient in fur traits,and researches of reproduction techniques focused on the effect of environment and additives on reproduction and semen freezing.This review could provide references for the later research and production of rabbit breeding.