ROS介导的氧化应激与自噬

自噬是真核细胞所特有的细胞内物质成分被溶酶体降解过程的统称。生命体借此清除细胞内的废物，重建结构从而维持蛋白质代谢平衡及细胞内环境稳定。氧化应激是指体内氧化与抗氧化作用失衡，倾向于氧化，导致中性粒细胞炎性浸润，蛋白酶分泌增加，产生大量活性氧中介物（ROS），而ROS直接参与细胞存活和死亡调节。大量研究表明，氧化应激中产生的ROS在多种条件下都是自噬的重要调节因子，它能诱导自噬发生，而自噬能通过不同的信号通路来缓解氧化应激造成的损伤，从而保护细胞存活。ROS在多种条件下都是自噬的重要调节因子。作者主要对自噬的形成过程、氧化应激诱导自噬产生机制（包括调控mTOR信号通路、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号通路机制）及自噬缓解氧化应激的途径（mTOR信号通路、PI3K介导的信号通路和调控p53等）进行综述，以期为畜牧生产中通过调控自噬缓解动物氧化应激的措施提供理论依据。

Oxidative Stress and Autophagy Mediated by Reactive Oxygen Species

Autophagy is unique to eukaryotic cells that the intracellular material composition is degraded by lysosomal.Living organisms remove cells waste and rebulid structure through the autophagy process so as to maintain the protein metabolism balance and stable environment in the cell.Oxidative is the imbalance between oxidation and antioxidation,which tends to oxidation,resulting in inflammatory infiltrating of neutrophils,secretion of added protease.Subsequently,it will produce a large number of reactive oxygen species (ROS),and it directly involves in the regulation of cell survival and death.A large number of studies have shown that ROS produced in oxidative stress is an important regulator of autophagy in many conditions,and it can induce autophagy.In addition,autophagy can protect cells from damage caused by oxidative stress through different signaling pathways.ROS is the important regulatory factor of autophagy in various conditions.In this paper,the authors will focus on the process of autophagy,the mechanism how the oxidative induces autophagy,such as regulating mTOR,MAPK signaling path,and ways to relieve the oxidative stress though the autophagy,which including mTOR signaling path,PI3K mediated signaling path and regulating p53,hope to provide a theoretical basis for regulating autophagy to alleviate oxidative stress in livestock production.