复合益生菌对早期断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫水平的影响

为研究酿酒酵母菌和枯草芽孢杆菌组成的复合益生菌对早期断奶仔猪免疫水平的影响，试验选取（杜×长×大）三元杂交断奶仔猪80头，分为试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组及对照组，每组20头，Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在基础日粮中分别添加0.10%、0.20%、0.30%复合益生菌，对照组饲喂基础日粮，以期评价其生长性能、血液生化、血清细胞因子和肠道黏膜分泌性球蛋白A（SIgA）水平。结果表明，试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组末重极显著高于试验Ⅰ组和对照组（P<0.01）；试验Ⅲ组平均日增重极显著高于试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组及对照组（P<0.01），试验Ⅲ组平均日采食量显著高于试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组及对照组（P<0.05），对照组、试验Ⅱ组腹泻率均极显著高于试验Ⅰ、Ⅲ组（P<0.01）；试验组中的乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）含量均高于对照组，总蛋白（TP）含量低于对照组，差异均不显著（P>0.05）；试验组中尿素氮（BUN）含量均显著高于对照组（P<0.05），试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组谷草转氨酶（AST）含量显著高于试验Ⅰ组和对照组（P<0.05）。试验0 d，试验组白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平与对照组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）；试验20 d，试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组中IL-6水平极显著高于试验Ⅰ组及对照组（P<0.01），IL-1β和TNF-α水平与对照组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）；试验40 d，试验组IL-1β水平均高于对照组（P>0.05），IL-6和TNF-α水平均极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）。试验组中空肠黏膜SIgA水平极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）；十二指肠和回肠黏膜SIgA水平均显著高于对照组（P<0.05），盲肠黏膜SIgA水平低于对照组，差异不显著（P>0.05）。说明不同含量酿酒酵母菌-枯草芽孢杆菌复合益生菌均可有效提高断奶仔猪的生长性能，缓解早期断奶仔猪应激反应，增强断奶仔猪的免疫功能。

Effects of Compound Probiotics on Growth Performance and Immune Levels of Early Weaned Pigs

In order to explore the effect of compound probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae + Bacillus subtilis) on immunity level of early weaned piglets,80 weaned piglets (Duroc pig×Landrace pig×Yorkshine pig) were equally divided into four groups and 20 pigs per group.The pigs in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were fed basal diet with 0.10%,0.20% and 0.30% compound probiotic,respectively,others in control group were fed with basal diet,so as to evaluate the growth performance,blood biochemistry,serum cytokines and intestinal mucosal SIgA levels.The results showed that the final body weight of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were extremely significantly higher than group Ⅰ and control group (P<0.01).The average daily feed intake of group Ⅲ was the highest in the experimental groups,which was higher than groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and control group (P<0.05).The diarrhea rates in control group and group Ⅱ were extremely significantly higher than groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P<0.01).The content of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH),alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the experimental group were higher than that of control group,and the total protein (TP) was lower than that of control group (P>0.05).The content of serum urea nitrogen (BUN) in the experimental groups were significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05),and the content of aspertate transaminase (AST) in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ and control group (P<0.05).At 0 day,the level of IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α in the experimental groups were not significantly different from that of control group (P>0.05).At 20 days,the level of IL-6 in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were extremely significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ and control group (P<0.01),the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were no significant difference compared with control group (P>0.05).At 40 days,the level of IL-1β in experimental groups were higher than that of control group (P>0.05),the level of IL-6 and TNF-α were extremely significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.01).The level of SIgA of jejunum mucosa,duodenum and ileum mucosa in experimental groups were extremely significantly or significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.01; P<0.05),the level of SIgA of cecum mucosa was lower than control group (P>0.05).It showed that different contents of compound probiotics (Saccharomyces cerevisiae + Bacillus subtilis) could effectively improve the growth performance of weaned piglets,alleviate the stress response and enhance the immune function.